Recent studies have shown a relationship between the composition of the maternal diet and acquiring a risk of mental illnesses through changes in the offspring's brain. This study assessed the role of a modified maternal diet on the levels of serotonin (5-HT) and 5-HT receptors in the offspring brain. Wistar rat dams during gestation and lactation were maintained either on a standard (SD) or special diets high-fat (HFD), high-carbohydrate (rich in sucrose, HCD) or mixed (MD). Offspring were weaned to SD after lactation, and at postnatal days (PNDs) 28 and 63 changes in the 5-HT and 5-HT receptor levels were evaluated in their prefrontal cortex (PFCx), nucleus accumbens (NAc), dorsal striatum (DSTR) and hippocampus (HIP). Maternal HFD reduced the expression of 5-HT receptors in male rats at PND 28 in the PFCx, NAc, and DSTR but increased it at PND 63 in male animals in the NAc and DSTR. HCD induced a decrease in the expression of 5-HT receptors in male offspring at PND 28 but increased it in female rats at PND 63 in the PFCx. MD reduced 5-HT receptor expression in males at PND 28 in the PFCx and increased it in male and female offspring at PND 28 in the HIP. Moreover, maternal HFD reduced 5-HT receptor levels within the PFCx in adolescent male offspring. Our findings indicate that a modified maternal diet induces age- and sex-specific adaptive changes mainly in 5-HT receptors, which may contribute to disturbances in the offspring brain. Our findings indicate that a modified maternal diet induces age- and sex-specific adaptive changes mainly in 5-HT2C receptors, which may contribute to disturbances in the offspring brain. Olanzapine, an FDA-approved atypical antipsychotic, is widely used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. In this study, the inhibitory effect of olanzapine on voltage-dependent K (Kv) channels in rabbit coronary arterial smooth muscle cells was investigated. Electrophysiological recordings were performed in freshly isolated coronary arterial smooth muscle cells. Olanzapine inhibited the Kv channels in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC value of 7.76 ± 1.80µM and a Hill coefficient of 0.82 ± 0.09. Although olanzapine did not change the steady-state activation curve, it shifted the inactivation curve to a more negative potential, suggesting that it inhibited Kv currents by affecting the voltage sensor of the Kv channel. Application of 1 or 2Hz train pulses did not affect the olanzapine-induced inhibition of Kv channels, suggesting that its effect on Kv channels occurs in a use (state)-independent manner. Pretreatment with DPO-1 (Kv1.5 subtype inhibitor) reduced the olanzapine-induced inhibition of Kv currents. In addition, pretreatment with guangxitoxin (Kv2.1 subtype inhibitor) and linopirdine (Kv7 subtype inhibitor) partially decreased the degree of Kv current inhibition. Olanzapine induced membrane depolarization. From these results, we suggest that olanzapine inhibits the Kv channels in a concentration-dependent, but state-independent, manner by affecting the gating properties of Kv channels. The primary Kv channel target of olanzapine is the Kv1.5 subtype. From these results, we suggest that olanzapine inhibits the Kv channels in a concentration-dependent, but state-independent, manner by affecting the gating properties of Kv channels. The primary Kv channel target of olanzapine is the Kv1.5 subtype. Our prospective study assesses the role of detailed lung ultrasound (LUS) features to discriminate the etiological diagnosis of acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI) in children. We analyzed patients aged from 1month to 17years admitted between March 2018 and April 2020 who were hospitalized for ALRTI. For all patients, history, clinical parameters, microbiological data, and lung ultrasound data were collected. Patients were stratified into three main groups ("bacterial", "viral", "atypical") according to the presumed microbial etiology and LUS findings evaluated according to the etiological group. Nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained from all patients. A qualitative diagnostic test developed by Nurex S.r.l. was used for identification of bacterial and fungal DNA in respiratory samples. The Seegene Allplex™ Respiratory assays were used for the molecular diagnosis of viral respiratory pathogens. In addition, bacterial culture of blood and respiratory samples were performed, when indicated. A total of 186 children with suspected ALRTI (44% female) with an average age of 6 were enrolled in the study. We found that some ultrasound findings as size, number and distribution of consolidations, the position and motion of air bronchograms, pleural effusions and distribution of vertical artifacts significantly differ (p < 0.05) in children with bacterial, viral and atypical ALRTI. Our study provides a detailed analysis of LUS features able to predict the ALRTI ethology in children. These findings may help the physicians to better manage a child with ALRTI and to offer personalized approach, from diagnosis to treatment and follow-up. Our study provides a detailed analysis of LUS features able to predict the ALRTI ethology in children. These findings may help the physicians to better manage a child with ALRTI and to offer personalized approach, from diagnosis to treatment and follow-up. Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is the main clinical sign of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), but little is known about the outcome of acute kidney injury (AKI) associated with ARF. Retrospective cohort study on clinical features of adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19 between March 1st and April 30th, 2020 in the district of Piacenza (Italy). Among 1894 hospitalized patients, 1701 affected by COVID-19 underwent at least two serum creatinine evaluations. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/oxythiamine-chloride-hydrochloride.html According to KDIGO definitions, 233 of 1,701 patients (13.7%) developed AKI 159, 34, and 40 had stage 1, 2 and 3 AKI, respectively. Patients with AKI were older (mean age 73.5 ± 14years, range 24-95) than those without AKI (72 ± 14years, range 20-102). In-hospital mortality was high in COVID patients (567/1701 patients, 33%), which almost doubled among AKI patients (132/233 patients, 57%), compared with those without AKI (p < 0.01). Risk factors for AKI included older age, male gender, diabetes and need for ventilation. Fourteen patients with stage 3 AKI underwent renal replacement therapy (RRT).