Our results concluded that Ch-Ag NPs not only had the best antibacterial effects but also acted as a growth promoter in broilers without leaving any residues in edible organs. We recommend using Ch-Ag NPs in broiler farms instead of antibiotics or probiotics. To plan, implement and evaluate a series of initiatives to improve patient centred quality of end of life care through raising public awareness, promoting the concept that all health and social care professionals should be engaged in this practice, and carrying out pilot of community care models. Pilot studies of community models of care, training programs for health and social care professionals, public education programmes. Selected hospitals, residential care homes for the elderly, and community centres in Hong Kong. Patients and their families at the end of life stage. Combination of quantitative and qualitative studies according to different components of the initiative. Effective training for professional staff occurred using training videos, role play, rather than lectures, and when concepts are integrated into daily practice and quality assurance programmes. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ami-1.html Members of the public welcomed end of life care discussions and the implementation of advance care planning. The pilot community care program was found to reduce anxiety, depression, physical symptoms, improve communication within the family as well as promoting a feeling of peace among recipients of the service. It also reduced care giver strain and anxiety, as well as hospital visits and duration of stay. Similar findings were also observed among recipients of care in the residential care setting. A sustainable model would require uptake by policy makers and chief executives of Social Welfare and Health Bureaus, supported by amendments of relevant legal ordinances, which is in progress after public consultation. A sustainable model would require uptake by policy makers and chief executives of Social Welfare and Health Bureaus, supported by amendments of relevant legal ordinances, which is in progress after public consultation.A tool to assess nutritional status in older persons was really needed. It took 5 years to design the MNA® (Mini Nutrition Assessment) tool, complete the first validations studies both in Europe and in the U.S. and to publish it. After the full MNA®, the MNA® short form and the self-MNA® have been validated. As well as Chinese and other national MNA® forms. Now more than 2000 clinical research have used the MNA® all over the world from community care to hospital. At least 22 Expert groups included the MNA® in new clinical practice guidelines, national or international registries. The MNA® is presently included in almost all geriatric and nutrition textbook and part of the teaching program for medicine and other health care professional worldwide. The urgent need is to target the frail older adults more likely to have weight loss and poor appetite and to prevent frailty and weight loss in the robust. We present in this paper the review of 25 years of clinical research and practice using the MNA® worldwide. Population ageing impacts many areas of society from health and social care cost to housing and future workforce, and whole-of-society approach is required to promote healthy ageing. The Decade of Healthy Ageing report has called upon multi-sectoral collaboration to promote age-friendly communities. The Healthy Ageing Promotion Program for You (HAPPY) is a community-based dual-task exercise program for older adults led by health coaches (HC) or trained volunteers (HAPPY leaders) to promote healthy ageing. The primary objective was to observe improvement in cognition. The secondary objective was to observe improvement in frailty status, functional status, perceived health and reduction of social isolation. We also aim to evaluate the effectiveness and describe the implementation of the HAPPY program. To engage older adults with prefrailty, frailty and/or cognitive impairment in dual-task exercise program. Recruitment and publicity were through country-wide multisectoral collaboration. Community setting. ity which must involve local government and ministerial organisations, non-profit organisations, industries, academia, and community to redesign health. The aim of this study was to examine whether older users of information and communicative technology (ICT) participate in active behaviors, such as voluntary exercise, to maintain health, even under community containment to suppress the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Cross-sectional study. Community setting. Independent community-dwelling older residents aged ≥75 years. The municipality sent the Kihon Checklist (KCL) and Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire (SNAQ) with several questions on lifestyle and health conditions under social restriction. Among 3199 responders (72.1%), we analyzed the data of 2304 residents who provided complete answers to the KCL and SNAQ and on ICT use, voluntary exercise, polypharmacy, and families. The mean age was 79.7 years (51.3% male). The percentages of frailty assessed by the KCL, voluntary exercise, and low SNAQ scores (≤14) were 16.0%, 61.4%, and 43.8% in 808 ICT users and 30.3%, 47.2%, and 54.1% in 1496 ICT non-users, respectively (p<0.001). ICT use was significantly associated with voluntary exercise even during social restriction, independent of age, sex, polypharmacy, low SNAQ scores, and frailty status (odds ratio, 1.503; 95% confidential interval, 1.246-1.813). Older ICT users are more active to maintain health even during social restriction, independent of frailty status. Older ICT users are more active to maintain health even during social restriction, independent of frailty status.The condition of muscle fiber atrophy and weakness that occurs in respiratory muscles along with systemic skeletal muscle with age is known as respiratory sarcopenia. The Japanese Working Group of Respiratory Sarcopenia of the Japanese Association of Rehabilitation Nutrition narratively reviews these areas, and proposes the concept and diagnostic criteria. We have defined respiratory sarcopenia as "whole-body sarcopenia and low respiratory muscle mass followed by low respiratory muscle strength and/or low respiratory function." Respiratory sarcopenia can be caused by various factors such as aging, decreased activity, undernutrition, disease, cachexia, and iatrogenic causes. We have also created an algorithm for diagnosing respiratory sarcopenia. Respiratory function decreases with age in healthy older people, along with low respiratory muscle mass and strength. We have created a new term, "Presbypnea," meaning a decline in respiratory function with aging. Minor functional respiratory disability due to aging, such as that indicated by a modified Medical Research Council level 1 (troubled by shortness of breath when hurrying or walking straight up hill), is an indicator of presbypnea.