Background Entrepreneurship leads to an increase in national income by creating new jobs and plays a role as a positive factor in economic growth by serving as a bridge between innovation and the market. The aim of this study was to identify the capacity and barriers existing in the medical universities of Iran to develop entrepreneurship from the viewpoint of some of the officials and academic experts. Methods This qualitative, descriptive-analytic study was conducted to explore threats and opportunities in educational entrepreneurship at medical universities. The sample consists of medical universities' deputies of education across the country, attending the national meeting of education deputies. A questionnaire containing 10 open questions was tailored and given to the participants. After returning the questionnaires, the responses were evaluated using the content analysis method. Results The issues related to the strengths of the medical universities in entrepreneurship development can be summarized in 3 categories human factors, organizational and infrastructure factors, and technical and technological factors. With regard to the existing weaknesses while developing entrepreneurship in the context of medical universities, there are 3 general categories education and research barriers, state-legal-political, and economic-managerial shortcomings. The barriers to entrepreneurship development among medical graduates can be categorized in 4 groups, including education and information, cultural and social factors, financial barriers as well as structural and infrastructural drawback. Conclusion The most important movement toward entrepreneurship development in medical universities could be making structural revisions in transforming into third-generation universities. This important issue is being pursued and implemented by the government in the form of Plan for Development and Innovation in Medical Education.Background Anthrax is a zoonotic infectious disease that is still considered as a health problem in developing countries. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and geographical distribution of anthrax using the Geographic Information System (GIS) and predict its incidence in Iran in 2021. Methods This study is descriptive analytical study. Information on anthrax was obtained from the Center for Communicable Diseases Control during 2010-2015. In the next step, ArcGIS 9.3 was used to prepare geographic maps of the disease incidence and frequency. Therefore, using the Raster Calculator tool, the disease prediction map was drawn. Results The highest incidence of anthrax during 2010-2015 was observed in the provinces of Kurdistan, North Khorasan, and Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, respectively. The trend of the incidence of anthrax in Iran had increased from 2010 to 2013, while its incidence decreased in 2014. Based on the results of modeling in Iran, the provinces of Kurdistan, West Azarbaijan, Tehran, and Zanjan, respectively, with 37.16%, 33.83%, 16.78%, and 10.49% of their area (km2) had the highest risk of anthrax disease in the country in the year 2021. Conclusion Since the provinces of Kurdistan, West Azerbaijan, Tehran, and Zanjan are among the high-risk areas in the country in the coming years, the cooperation between the veterinary organization and the health care system and the vaccination of livestock in these areas can significantly help to control and prevent the disease.Background Salmonella induced infections remain one of the most important health problems worldwide. The purpose of this study is to investigate the incidence and geographical distribution of typhoid using GIS and to predict its incidence in Iran in 2021. Methods This study is a descriptive analytical study. Information on pertussis was obtained from the Center for Communicable Diseases Control during 2009-2015. In the next step, ArcGIS 9.3 was used to prepare geographic maps of the disease incidence and frequency Therefore, using the Raster Calculator tool, the disease prediction map was drawn. Results The results showed that the highest incidence of typhoid during 2009-2014 was in Kermanshah, Lorestan, Hamadan, Kurdistan, and Ilam provinces. The incidence of typhoid in Iran increased during 2009-2010. The annual incidence of typhoid decreased from 0.85 per 100,000 in 2010 to 0.5 in 2014. Based on the modeling results for Iran, Kermanshah, Lorestan, Kurdistan, Ilam and Hamadan provinces with 92.17%, 46.56%, 31.74%, 25.62% and 22.96% of their areas (Km2) are at high risk for typhoid in the coming years, respectively. Conclusion Considering that the provinces of Kermanshah, Lorestan, Kurdistan, Ilam, and Hamadan are at risk of typhoid incidence in the coming years in Iran, and given that salmonella infections have a direct relationship with the individual's health status and individual's environmental health and socioeconomic status, improving the health status and disease control in carriers as well as improving the socio-economic status of the population living in these areas can prevent the disease in the years to come.Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), as an airway limitation condition, is accompanied by alteration of muscle mass and function. We aimed to determine the relationship between disease severity and body composition, muscle function, and nutritional status in COPD patients. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 129 COPD participants. Muscle strength, body composition, and calf circumference (CC) were measured using a hydraulic hand dynamometer, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and a tape measure, respectively. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/alflutinib-ast2818-mesylate.html Furthermore, fat-free mass index (FFMI), body mass index (BMI) and muscle mass value were calculated by equations. Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was assessed as well. Nutritional status was also evaluated by subjective global assessment (SGA) questionnaire. SPSS software (version 21 ) was used, chi-square, fisher's exact test, univariate and multivariate linear regression models were used for statistical analysis. P-values less than 0.05 were considered significant.