Scorpionism represents a serious public health problem due to its increasing incidence. In Brazil, Tityus serrulatus is a species of major medical importance, especially in children and the elderly, as envenomation may induce serious acute pulmonary edema. "Mangaba" (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) fruit juice is popularly used in the treatment of several inflammatory disorders. The objective of this study was to analyze the chemical composition of fruit juice of H. speciosa by HPLC-DAD-MS/MS, as well as to evaluate its anti-inflammatory potential and antioxidant activity, and analyze the biochemical and hematological parameters in acute pulmonary edema induced by T. serrulatus venom (TsV) in mice. Mice were challenged with TsV (30 μg/kg, subcutaneously) and were treated with dexamethasone (2 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) or fruit juice (pre- or post-treatment protocols, by intra-gastric route at 100 and 200 mg/kg), and 2 h later were anesthetized for blood, lung, and kidney collection, for several biochemical analyses. Results showed that the juice decreased edema, myeloperoxidase levels, vascular permeability, and production of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) in lung tissue. Also, the juice reduced the concentration of nitrite and malondialdehyde oxidative stress markers in renal tissue. Amylase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, and creatine kinase seric levels were reduced when the animals were treated with the juice. HPLC-DAD-MS/MS analysis identified 13 phenolic derivatives. The results suggest that the juice was able to decrease the inflammatory effects induced by T. serrulatus, demonstrating that the use of juice can be relevant for the treatment of scorpion stings. In 2010, Kissin concluded pessimistically that of the 59 new drugs introduced in the fifty-year period between 1960 and 2009 and still in use, only seven had new molecular targets. Of these, only one, sumatriptan, was effective enough to lead to the introduction of multiple drugs targeting the same target molecules (triptans) (Kissin, 2010). Morphine and acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), introduced for the treatment of pain more than a century ago, continue to dominate biomedical publications despite their limited effectiveness in many areas (e.g., neuropathic pain) and serious adverse effects. Today, are we really closer to ideal analgesics that would work hard enough, long enough, and did not have unwanted side effects? The purpose of the present article is to analyze where we are now. Several drugs, like long-acting opioids or botulinum toxins open some hope. Advantage of botulinum toxin A is unique duration of action (months). New discoveries showed that after peripheral application botulinum toxin by axonal transport reaches the CNS. Major analgesic mechanism of action seems to be of central origin. Will botulinum toxin in the CNS bring new indications and or/adverse effects? Much more basic and clinical research should be in front of us. Although relatively safe as a drug, botulinum toxin is not without adverse effect. Policy makers, clinicians and all those applying botulinum toxin should be aware of that. Unfortunately the life without the pain is still not possible. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are anthropogenic fluorinated compounds of concern for human and environmental health. There is no data on PFAS concentrations in marine bird eggs from the Western Indian Ocean. We analysed eight PFAS in eggs of fairy terns (Gygis alba), sooty terns (Onychoprion fuscatus), and common noddies (Anous stolidus) from St. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/rocaglamide.html Brandon's Atoll. Fairy tern eggs contained the highest concentrations, followed by sooty terns and common noddies. Perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUdA) had the highest mean concentration (2.3 ng/g wm), followed by perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) (2.0 ng/g wm), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) (0.93 ng/g wm) in fairy tern eggs. Concentrations of all PFAS were lower than values found in literature. PFOS and PFOA concentrations were three orders of magnitude lower than toxicity reference values and levels of lowest-observed-adverse-effect-level concentrations. Eggs from St. Brandon's would be useful to monitor background changes on a regional and perhaps global scale. Ballast water (BW) is a dead weight used by ships to provide stability in their journeys. It poses health, economic and ecological problems. Since 2017, the International Maritime Organization-IMO mandated management of BW. This research compares plankton mortality and microorganism inactivation in different BW treatments to identify possible decay models. Treatments include solar radiation (Srad), UV, H2O2 and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). In the wild populations, the disinfection capacity was measured in natural seawater pumped from the Santa Marta port zone in Colombia. AOPs showed different models and effectiveness according to the treatment and microorganism. Plankton larger than 50 μm was the most resistant; therefore, it must be removed first by a previous filter. Wild microorganisms showed log-linear and log-linear tail decay models for most AOPs in E. coli. For Vibrio, the models were log-lineal tail and biphasic models. The aquatic environment can represent a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance genes. In the present study, phenotypical, biochemical and molecular techniques were used to screen a collection of marine strains isolated in Italian aquaculture farms to investigate their beta-lactam resistance profiles. The genome of 12 carbapenemase and/or beta-lactamase producing strains was sequenced and a phylogenetic analysis of the beta-lactamases found in their chromosomes was performed. Gene annotation and prediction revealed the presence of blaAmpC and blaOXA-55-like in all the Shewanella algae isolates whereas in Vibrio anguillarum and Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains, blaAmpC and blaCARB-19 were found, respectively. Multiple alignments of OXA-55-like and AmpC protein sequences showed different point mutations. Finally, comparisons between enzyme phylogeny and strain clusterization based on sampling sites and dates indicate the diffusion of specific Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) Shewanella algae clones along the Italian Adriatic coast.