Resistant starch type 3 (RS-3) holds great potential as a prebiotic by supporting gut microbiota following intestinal digestion. However the factors influencing the digestibility of RS-3 are largely unknown. This research aims to reveal how crystal type and molecular weight (distribution) of RS-3 influence its resistance. Narrow and polydisperse α-glucans of degree of polymerization (DP) 14-76, either obtained by enzymatic synthesis or debranching amylopectins from different sources, were crystallized in 12 different A- or B-type crystals and in vitro digested. Crystal type had the largest influence on resistance to digestion (A >>> B), followed by molecular weight (Mw) (high DP >> low DP) and Mw distribution (narrow disperse > polydisperse). B-type crystals escaping digestion changed in Mw and Mw distribution compared to that in the original B-type crystals, whereas A-type crystals were unchanged. This indicates that pancreatic α-amylase binds and acts differently to A- or B-type RS-3 crystals.Electrospinning is a versatile, inexpensive and reliable technique for the synthesis of nanometric fibers or particles from polymeric solutions, under a high voltage electric field. The use of natural polysaccharides such as starch, chitosan, pectin, alginate, pullulan, cellulose and dextran as polymeric materials allows the formation of biodegradable fibers and capsules. Bioactive compounds extracted from natural sources, such as essential oils, have been widely studied due to their antioxidant, antimicrobial and antifungal properties. The combination of natural polymers and the electrospinning technique allows the production of structures capable of incorporating these bioactive compounds, which are highly sensitive to degradation reactions. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/slf1081851-hydrochloride.html This review describes several approaches to the development of nanofibers and nanocapsules from polysaccharides and the possibility of incorporating hydrophobic compounds, such as essential oils. The review also discusses the use of electrosprayed products incorporated with essential oils for direct application in food or for use as active food packaging.Materials functionalization through multicomponent reactions (MCRs) has recently attracted great attention due to the generation of outstanding features in materials. Herein, an efficient novel heterogeneous catalytic system was designed and synthesized via the MCRs functionalization of the most abundant biopolymer in nature, cellulose. In this regard, cellulose was oxidized using periodate as an oxidant agent, and then the resulted carbonyl functional groups participated in the three-component Betti reaction. The ICP-OES analysis was revealed that the functionalization of cellulose via this three-component reaction effectively improved the complexing ability of functionalized cellulose with Cu(II). The synthesized biocatalyst was characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, XRD, SEM, EDS, ICP, and TGA techniques. The efficiency of the designed biocatalyst was investigated in the CH functionalization reaction of N-acylhydrazones to synthesize 1,3,4-oxadiazoles. This biocatalyst's outstanding advantages are high yields, non-hazardous catalyst, mild reaction conditions, operational simplicity, and reusability.This study aims to develop a novel intraperitoneal two- or three-layered patch with immunomodulatory property for treatment of hernia, regeneration of abdominal wall and prevention of intraperitoneal adhesions. Polypropylene (PP) mesh, middle layer, was intended to provide mechanical support whereas pullulan (PUL) hydrogel coating layer was designed to prevent intraperitoneal adhesions. Fibroin/chitosan oligosaccharide lactate (F/COS) layer electrospun on one side of pullulan was chosen for immunomodulation and abdominal wall regeneration. Physical and mechanical properties and regenerative capacity of intraperitoneal patches were determined. Immunomodulatory property of electrospun layer and whole patch was studied by determining nitric oxide amount produced by RAW 264.7 macrophages. 25 % (w/v) PUL hydrogel and F/COS with 9010 (w/w) ratio yielded optimal results. Here, we report that fabricated intraperitoneal patches successfully prevented cell adhesion on one side and increased cell viability and proliferation on other side, along with immunomodulation, in vitro.Wound bacterial infections and tumor recurrence are the main reasons for the poor prognosis after primary tumor resection. Here, we fabricated a novel therapeutic nanocomposite using chitosan (CS) hydrogel combined with black phosphate nanosheets (BPNSs) and in situ grown copper nanoparticles (CuNPs). The obtained hydrogel (CS@BPNSs@CuNPs), possessing a remarkable temperature-sensitive spongy-like state, offered 24.98 % blood clotting index. The released BPNSs@CuNPs could produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) to kill infected invasive bacteria (98.1 %) and inhibit local residual tumor cell regeneration (11.3 %). Moreover, by coupling the photothermal properties of BPNSs, the BPNSs@CuNPs showed 19.6 % penetration rate to cross the blood tumor barrier (BTB) for treating brain tumors. The hydrogel platform was further combined with aPD-L1-based immunotherapy to employ its synergetic therapeutic effect in the prevention of tumors. The in vivo studies showed that biodegradable hydrogel could hold a great potential as a novel strategy for improving postoperative therapy and multi-tumor treatments.Three fluorescent-labeling methods, including DMSO/DBTD, reductive amination and fluoresceinamine (FA), were applied to label arabinoxylan (AX). The conjugates were named AF, ATF and ACF, respectively. Compared to AX, the water solubility of AF significantly decreased while that of ATF significantly increased (p  less then  0.05); both showed decreased solubility with increasing degree of substitution (DS). However, AX was not successfully labeled by the FA method due to poor solubility. The structural and conformational properties of the AF and ATF conjugates under different DS were compared. Results showed that fluorochrome (FITC) was successfully grafted onto AX molecule by using the DMSO/DBTD and reductive amination methods. A slight increased Mw was noticed for both AF and ATF. AF existed in a more compact conformation, while the chain conformation of ATF was more elongated at a lower DS (1.15 %) and more compact at a higher DS (1.34 %).