© 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.Huntington Disease (HD) is a late-onset autosomal neurodegenerative disease characterized by the aggregations of mutant Huntingtin proteins (mHTT). A glutamine stretch (PolyQ) at the N-terminal of the Huntingtin protein is generated by the abnormal expansion of CAG trinucleotide repeats in exon 1 of the HTT gene. While the resulting polyQ aggregates are the predominate feature of HD , the intercellular spread of the expanded protein and the effect upon this transfer inside healthy cells have not yet fully understood. Here, we have employed the phasor Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM) method to measure NADH fluorescence lifetime change after the internalization of the PolyQ protein. Based on our analysis, we have found a significant decrease in the fraction of bound NADH in both cytoplasmic and nucleus regions when cells are co-cultured or when healthy cells uptake the supernatant containing polyQ proteins and aggregates. Overall, our FLIM study combined with confocal fluorescence imaging visualizes the absorption of the mutant Htt protein aggregates which results in a distinct NADH fluorescence lifetime between control cells and acceptor cells. These studies show, for the first time, the influence of how neighboring cells expressing the expanded Htt protein can regulate energy metabolism in healthy cells. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.Topological semimetals (TSMs) present intriguing quantum states and attract much attention in recent years because of exhibiting various anomalous magneto-transport phenomena. Theoretical prediction shows that some novel phenomena, such as negative magnetoresistance (MR) and planar Hall effect (PHE), originates from the chiral anomaly in TSMs. In this work, high-field (33T) Shubnikov-de Haas(SdH) oscillations are obtained to reveal the topology of PtSn4. And giant PHE and anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) are observed in Dirac node arcs semimetal PtSn4. First, a non-zero transverse voltage can be acquired while tilting the in-plane magnetic field. Moreover, the amplitude of PHE sharply increases at T*~ 50 K with decreasing temperature, which is suggested to be related to the Fermi surface reconstruction observed in PtSn4. Subsequently, the field-dependent amplitudes of the PHE show an abnormal behavior around 50 K, which is thought to stem from the complex correlation between the chiral charge and electric one in PtSn4 driving the system into different coupling state due to the complicated band structure. On the other hand, the relative AMR is negative and up to -98% at 8.5 Tesla. Our work proves that the PHE measurements is a convinced transport fingerprint feature to confirm the chiral anomaly in TSMs. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.Engineered soft tissue products - both tendon and ligament - have gained tremendous interest in regenerative medicine as alternatives to autograft and allograft treatments by their potential to overcome limitations such as pain and donor site morbidity. Tendon engineered grafts have focused on the replication of native tendon tissue composition and architecture in the form of scaffolds using synthetic or natural biomaterials seeded with cells and factors. However, these approaches suffer due to static culture environments that fail to mimic the dynamic tissue environment and mechanical forces required to promote tenogenic differentiation of cultured cells. Mechanical stimulation is sensed by cellular mechanosensors such as integrins, focal adhesion kinase, and other transmembrane receptors which promote tenogenic gene expression and synthesis of tendon extracellular matrix components such as Type I collagen. Thus, it is imperative to apply biological and biomechanical aspects to engineer tendon. This review highlights the origin of tendon tissue, its ability to sense forces from its microenvironment, and the biological machinery that helps in mechanosensation. Additionally, this review focuses on use of bioreactors that aid in understanding cell-microenvironment interactions and enable the design of mechanically competent tendon tissue. We categorize these bioreactors based on functional features, sample size/type, and loading regimes and discuss their application in tendon research. The objective of this article is to provide a perspective on biomechanical considerations in the development of functional tendon tissue. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.PurposeBrain stereotactic-radiosurgery (SRS) treatments require multiple quality-assurance (QA) procedures to ensure accurate and precise treatment delivery. As single-isocenter multitarget SRS treatments become more popular, the quantification of off-axis accuracy of the linear-accelerator is crucial. In this study, a novel brain SRS integrated phantom was developed and validated to enable SRS QA with a single phantom to facilitate implementation of a frameless single-isocenter, multitarget SRS program. This phantom combines the independent verification of each positioning system, the Winston-Lutz, off-axis accuracy evaluation (i.e. off-axis Winston-Lutz), and the dosimetric accuracy utilizing both point-dose-measurements as well as film-measurement, without moving the phantom.Methods and MaterialsA novel 3D-printed phantom, coinedOneIso, was designed with a movable insert which can switch between the Winston-Lutz test target and dose measurement without moving the phantom itself. For dose verification, eighmultitarget frameless linac-based SRS QA. Additionally, with the ability to quantify off-axis spatial-discrepancies, we can determine limitations on the maximum distance between targets to ensure a single-isocenter multitarget SRS program meets recommended guidelines. © 2020 Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine.In this work, to maximize the unique attributes of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) for excellent microwave absorption, the ultralight RGO aerogels with improved dispersion and interface polarization performance were fabricated via a facile cation-assisted hydrothermal treatment process. The prepared RGO/ paraffin composite exhibits excellent microwave absorption (MA) performance in a wideband frequency range of 8.0 ~18.0 GHz with an ultralow absorbent content of 0.5 wt. %. Such performance is comparable with most previously reported results on RGO-based composites but required much higher absorbent content. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/SB-743921.html The mechanisms for the enhancement of polarization relaxation loss and conductive loss were investigated in detail. This study provides a promising and facile method for preparing RGO-based excellent microwave absorption materials with ultra-low filler content, which is significant for designing efficient MA absorbers. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.