Knowledge of the changes in the phospholipid molecular species during processing is helpful to understanding the complicated mechanisms of lipid degradation and transformation. The shotgun lipidomics strategy was utilized to analyze the phospholipid (PL) molecular species in raw Pekin duck and the subsequent dynamic changes that occur during the processing of water-boiled salted duck (WSD). Only 110 PL molecular species have been identified in raw duck meat, while a total of 119 PL molecular species were identified during processing, including 33 phosphatidylcholines, 22 phosphatidylethanolamines, 13 phosphatidylglycerols, 18 phosphatidylinositols and 33 phosphatidylserines. Most of the content of PL molecular species gradually decreased during processing, while the content of most of the lysophospholipids (LPLs) increased. After reaching a maximum, the LPLs were obviously reduced during the 3 d of dry-ripening. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Y-27632.html The results showed that processing techniques, such as dry-curing, dry-ripening and boiling, had a significant effect on the changes in the PLs in WSD. We further screened 10 PL molecular markers, which can be used to distinguish different operating units. Curcumin is widely acknowledged for its beneficial activities. However, its application has remained challenging due to its low aqueous solubility, biochemical/structural degradation and poor bioavailability. For these reasons, many researches are aimed at overcoming these limitations using lipid-based nanosystems to encapsulate curcumin, especially nanoemulsions. This review highlights the theoretical aspects and recent advances of preparation technologies (phase inversion temperature, phase inversion composition, ultrasonication, high pressure homogenization and microfluidization) for encapsulation of curcumin in nanoemulsions. Additionally, the specific factors in designing nanoemulsions systems that affect the chemical stability and in vitro bioaccessibility of the encapsulated curcumin are discussed. Also, the importance of nanoemulsions in improving antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of curcumin is underlined. Curcumin-loaded nanoemulsions preparation technologies have been proposed to provide efficient, systematic, and practical protocols for improved applications of curcumin. Additionally, key factors that influence curcumin delivery include the nature of emulsifier, the type and the amount of carrier oil and emulsifier-curcumin interactions. The pharmacological activities of curcumin including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities can be improved by nanoemulsions. The present work aimed to evaluate the frequency of seafood consumption by the Brazilian population, the safety practices during seafood handling and preservation as well as to evaluate the consumers' perception on the risks associated with these foods. A total of 962 respondents responded to a survey divided into three parts demographic and socio-economic profiles, seafood consumption habits, safety practices, and risk perceptions regarding seafood. The survey revealed a low level of perception about seafood safety. The respondents (64-71%) demonstrated a lack of knowledge of the main pathogens associated with seafood disease outbreaks and presented difficulties in identifying consumption places that could result in higher microbiological risk. Besides, these respondents showed to be unaware of their responsibility towards seafood safety from purchasing through preparation. Respondents belonging to the generation of baby boomers, with the postgraduate level and females presented a better perception of microbiological risk and on the importance of safety practices. These respondents showed positive attitudes, such as knowledge of the proper thawing procedures of seafood, knowledge of the potential risks to get sick from the consumption of raw seafood, and were also able to recognize Vibrio and Listeria as seafood bacterial pathogens. The knowledge proves to be an adequate tool for perception and judgment of microbiological risk, making the consumer adopt safe practices. The instruction of seafood consumers about safe handling practices and perceptions is critical for the success of farm to fork preventive measures aiming to protect public health. Consumer studies conducted under central location test (CLT) conditions continue to be dominant in product research and context evocation have been suggested as an avenue to partly mitigate the lack of real consumption settings. In this research the influence of evoked context on product acceptability was investigated in eight diverse consumer studies (138-268 participants per study) through the use of between-subjects designs that allowed the comparison of hedonic scores obtained with and without evoked context. In a departure from previous research, consumers mentally evoked their typical consumption contexts for the focal product categories and content analysis of descriptions of these situations showed them to often be idiosyncratic. Results were partly product- and situation-specific, and in this regard replicated past research. The evoked context only significantly modified hedonic scores in two of the eight studies, whereas it increased sample discrimination in three studies. Thus, accumulating evidence now supports the conclusion that evoked context is less rather than more likely to impact hedonic responses. Nonetheless, a benefit of context evocation is to give products a more complete meaning, and this may motivate their continued use in CLT settings. For researchers who wish to continue their use, key considerations in implementation are discussed, including relevance in home-use testing (HUT). By asking consumers to describe a typical eating occasion for the tested products, useful understanding of product use and pairings is gained. Such data can be easily elicited from consumers and obtained independently of context evocation. In this study, whey protein isolate (WPI) gel particles were fabricated via high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment and homogenization and the potential of using the particles as food-grade stabilizers to form Pickering emulsions and emulsion gels were studied. The result showed that pH had a significant effect on the properties of WPI gel particles. In the pH range near the isoelectric point (pI) (around pH 5.0), the particles exhibited spherical structure with larger size. The droplet size, creaming stability, microstructure and rheological properties of the Pickering emulsions stabilized by the WPI gel particles were influenced by pH and ionic strength, particle concentration and oil fraction. Pickering emulsion gels were formed from the Pickering emulsions stabilized by the particles at pH 5.0 after storage for 3 days at room temperature (25 °C). Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) demonstrated that the WPI gel particles formed a densely packed particle layer on the surface of oil droplet, suggesting the potential of these particles as Pickering emulsion stabilizers.