Burn wound infection and sepsis are serious medical conditions requiring prompt intervention. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/l-monosodium-glutamate-monohydrate.html Plants are a good natural source for the development of novel, safe, and cost-effective antibacterial agents. The objective of the present study was to assess the antibacterial potential of aqueous, chloroform, and methanol extracts of the ( ) root against the most common burn wound pathogens. The present experimental study was conducted at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (Shiraz, Iran) during 2018-2019. The antibacterial activity of the total plant extract was assayed using the broth microdilution method. Fractionation was performed using a separation funnel and solvents with different polarities. Broth microdilution and agar well diffusion assays were performed to determine the antibacterial potential of the obtained fractions. Quantitative and qualitative phytochemical analyses were performed to confirm the presence of secondary metabolites in both the total extract and the fractions. Methanolic extract of root exhibited antibacterial activity against all tested bacterial strains, especially against Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) isolates. This extract, compared to the aqueous and chloroformic extracts, exhibited the presence of active antibacterial compounds. The quantitative and qualitative results of phytochemical screening showed that phenols and flavonoids were the main antibacterial compounds in the methanolic extract of the plant. For the first time, we demonstrated the antibacterial activity of the root against MRSA isolates and other common burn wound pathogens. For the first time, we demonstrated the antibacterial activity of the P. scoparia root against MRSA isolates and other common burn wound pathogens. The knee outcome survey-activities of daily living (KOS-ADL) scale is a self-reported measure to determine knee function and symptoms in individuals suffering from a variety of knee disorders. The present study aimed to assess the validity, reliability, and cross-cultural adaptation of the Persian version of the KOS-ADL scale. In this cross-sectional and psychometric study, 130 patients (14 men and 116 women) with different grades of knee osteoarthritis were recruited. The construct validity of the scale was examined through the correlation between the domains of KOS-ADL and the subclasses of the knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS). To assess the test-retest reliability, 40 of the participants were requested to fill in the questionnaire again with an 8-day interval. The internal consistency of the questionnaire and its subclasses was evaluated with Cronbach's alpha coefficient. To evaluate construct validity, concurrent construct validity was examined with a correlation matrix using Pearson's correlation coefficients between the KOS-ADL domains and KOOS total score and subclasses. The test-retest reliability was analyzed using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). The Kappa coefficient was used to determine the intra-rater agreement. The Persian version of the KOS-ADL scale had good reliability (ICC=0.79) and internal consistency (α=0.92). There was a good correlation between the KOS-ADL total score and KOOS subclasses (r≥0.71, P≤0.001). The Persian version of the KOS-ADL scale is a valid and reliable instrument to evaluate the symptoms and functional status of people suffering from knee osteoarthritis. The Persian version of the KOS-ADL scale is a valid and reliable instrument to evaluate the symptoms and functional status of people suffering from knee osteoarthritis. The assessment of narrative skills in young children is essential for early identification of potential learning and literacy-related difficulties. The present study aimed to develop a validated and reliable test for consecutive assessment of narrative skills in Iranian school-age children. To elicit story retelling by the children, 14 pictures (each a discrete test) were developed based on which 14 stories were scripted in accordance with the Stein and Glenn model. The pictures were presented to 50 typically developing (TD) children and seven children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Kerman, Iran, 2018. The recorded audio of retold stories by the children was transcribed and analyzed using the monitoring indicator of scholarly language (MISL) instrument. The SPSS software (Version 18.0) was used to analyze the data with the significance level set at 0.05. A high correlation between the total MISL score of each test and each MISL item (r>0.5) confirmed the construct validity of our test. A comparison of the mean total MISL score between the TD and ASD groups showed significant differences (P<0.001) for all pictures. The internal consistency coefficient was >0.7 between all the MISL items and the intraclass correlation coefficient between the test and retest scores was >0.96 for all pictures. The repeated measures ANOVA did not indicate significant differences (P=0.15) between the total MISL scores of the pictures. The validity and reliability of the developed test were confirmed, suggesting it can be used for consecutive assessment and monitoring of the narrative skills in school-aged children. The validity and reliability of the developed test were confirmed, suggesting it can be used for consecutive assessment and monitoring of the narrative skills in school-aged children. The present review focuses on identifying factors contributing to health service utilization (HSU) among the general adult population according to Anderson's behavioral model. Published articles in English on factors related to HSU were identified by systematically probing the Web of Science, MEDLINE (via PubMed research engine), and Scopus databases between January 2008 and July 2018, in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. The search terms related to HSU were combined with terms for determinants by Boolean operators AND and OR. The database search yielded 2530 papers. Furthermore, we could find 13 additional studies following a manual search we carried out on the relevant reference lists. Thirty-seven eligible studies were included in this review, and the determinants of HSU were categorized as predisposing, enabling, and need factors according to Andersen's model of HSU. The results demonstrated that all predisposing, enabling, and need factors influence HSU. In most studies, the female gender, being married, older age, and being unemployed were positively correlated with increased HSU.