Low temperature trials (approximately 10°C) resulted in decreased formaldehyde air concentrations throughout the 48-hour time-course when compared with formaldehyde concentrations in the ambient temperature trials (approximately 22°C). The addition of clear Plexiglas panels to increase the surface area of the test chamber interior resulted in appreciable decreases of formaldehyde air concentration when compared to an empty test chamber. This work has shown that environmental variables and surface-to-volume ratios in the decontaminated space may affect the availability of formaldehyde in the air and, therefore, may affect decontamination effectiveness. This work has shown that environmental variables and surface-to-volume ratios in the decontaminated space may affect the availability of formaldehyde in the air and, therefore, may affect decontamination effectiveness.Microplastics (MPs) with sizes less then 5 mm are found in various compositions, shapes, morphologies, and textures that are the major sources of environmental pollution. The fraction of MPs in total weight of plastic accumulation around the world is predicted to be 13.2% by 2060. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pemigatinib-incb054828.html These micron-sized MPs are hazardous to marine species, birds, animals, soil creatures and humans due to their occurrence in air, water, soil, indoor dust and food items. The present review covers discussions on the damaging effects of MPs on the environment and their removal techniques including biodegradation, adsorption, catalytic, photocatalytic degradation, coagulation, filtration and electro-coagulation. The main techniques used to analyze the structural and surface changes such as cracks, holes and erosion post the degradation processes are FTIR and SEM analysis. In addition, reduction in plastic molecular weight by the microbes implies disintegration of MPs. Adsorptive removal by the magnetic adsorbent promises complete elimination while the biodegradable catalysts could remove 70-100% of MPs. Catalytic degradation via advanced oxidation assisted by S O 4 • - or O H • radicals generated by peroxymonosulfate or sodium sulfate are also adequately covered in addition to photocatalysis. The chemical methods such as sol-gel, agglomeration, and coagulation in conjunction with other physical methods are discussed concerning the drinking water/wastewater/sludge treatments. The efficacy, merits and demerits of the currently used removal approaches are reviewed that will be helpful in developing more sophisticated technologies for the complete mitigation of MPs from the environment.The genus Loxoneptera Hampson, 1896 is revised based on external appearance and genitalia. It is comprised of eleven species, of which three are described as new species from China L. crassiuncata Chen & Zhang, sp. nov., L. triangularis Chen & Zhang, sp. nov., and L. rectacerosa Chen & Zhang, sp. nov.; six species are proposed as new combinations L. carnealis (Swinhoe, 1895), comb. nov., L. medialis (Caradja, 1925), comb. nov., L. pentasaris (Meyrick, 1932), comb. nov., L. bipunctalis (Hampson, 1912), comb. nov., L. brevipalpis (Snellen, 1890), comb. nov., and L. dichroma (Moore, 1888), comb. nov. A new replacement name, L. hampsoni Chen & Zhang, nom. nov., is proposed for L. carnealis Hampson, 1896, the type species of the genus, because it is a secondary homonym of L. carnealis (Swinhoe, 1895), comb. nov. External characters and genitalia morphology of all species are figured. Nucleotide sequences of COI, 16S rRNA, 28S rRNA, and EF-1α were used for the molecular analysis and phylogeny of Loxoneptera species.The Microhyla heymonsi species complex from central Vietnam was examined, and based upon morphological and molecular evidence, two new species are described. The discovery of Microhyla daklakensis sp. nov. and Microhyla ninhthuanensis sp. nov. brings the total number of known species in the genus to 46 and the species number of Microhyla in Vietnam to 13. The Truong Son Range harbors the highest diversity of the genus Microhyla with 11 recorded species so far. However, this apparent micro-endemic diversity is at risk because of habitat loss by deforestation, which highlights the necessity of further research leading to improved conservation measures.Two new species of the genus Pseudolathra Casey, 1905 from mainland China are reported in this paper, namely Pseudolathra gansuensis Li & Zhou, sp. nov. and P. assingi Li & Zhou, sp. nov. This genus is reported for the first time from Gansu Province, Northwest China. Both species are described in detail and supplemented with color plates of normal light photos of the habitus, sternites VII-IX and details of aedeagal structures in different views.Two new species of the damselfly genus Archaeopodagrion, A. recurvatum sp. nov. and A. mayi sp. nov., are described from the confluence of the Tropical Andes and the Tumbes-Chocó-Magdalena biodiversity hotspots. Adults differ from the other known species in the shape of female posterior lobe of pronotum and male structures of cerci and paraprocts; the larva differs from other Archaeopodagrion species in the caudal lamellae structure and in the mandibular formula. The two new species are diagnosed, a morphological key to all known males and females in the genus is provided, and geographical distributions are updated. Finally, observations on habitat preferences for each newly described species are provided.Strumigenys is one of the most diverse ant genera in the world and arguably the most morphologically diverse, exhibiting an exceptional range of mandible shape and function. A new species, Strumigenys ayersthey sp. nov., discovered in the Chocó region of Ecuador is described. With two morphological characters, this species is shown to be a morphologically unique outlier among Strumigenys globally, having predominately smooth and shining cuticle surface sculpturing and long trap-jaw mandibles. Using µCT scans, we produced 3D images of the worker ant and static images to examine and compare mandible articular morphologies with most morphologically similar members of the mandibularis species group. Cuticular, pilosity, and articular mandible morphological differences supports placing the new species in its own new species group.