Polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF) comprise the BCR-ABL-negative classical myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). These clonal myeloid diseases are principally driven by well-described molecular events; however, factors leading to their acquisition are not well understood. Beyond increasing age, male sex, and race/ethnicity differences, few consistent risk factors for the MPNs are known. PV and ET have an incidence of 0.5 to 4.0 and 1.1 to 2.0 cases per 100,000 person-years, respectively, and predict similar survival. PMF, which has an incidence of about 0.3 to 2.0 cases per 100,000 person-years, is associated with the shortest survival of the MPNs.Myeloproliferative disorders are a group of diseases morphologically linked by terminal myeloid cell expansion that frequently evolve from one clinical phenotype to another and eventually progress to acute myeloid leukemia. Diagnostic criteria for the Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) have been established by the World Health Organization and they are recognized as blood cancers. MPNs have a complex and incompletely understood pathogenesis that includes systemic inflammation, clonal hematopoiesis, and constitutive activation of the JAK-STAT pathway. Complications, such as thrombosis and progression to overt forms of myelofibrosis and acute leukemia, contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality of patients with MPN. Children with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are typically asymptomatic but contagious. The authors investigated the positivity rate of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in pediatric dental patients. The authors reviewed consecutive charts of children younger than 18 years scheduled for elective dental procedures from April 1, 2020, through August 1, 2020. All patients were screened for signs and symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Asymptomatic patients scheduled for dental procedures underwent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for SARS-CoV-2. Sociodemographic characteristics were abstracted, and positivity rates were calculated. Variables for patients who were SARS-CoV-2 positive and SARS-CoV-2 negative were compared using Fisher exact and Mann-Whitney U tests. The sample size was 921. The median age was 6 years, and 50.9% were boys. The overall SARS-CoV-2 positivity rate was 2.3%. Age, insurance status, medical history, and dental diagnosis were comparable in patients who were SARS-CoV-2 positive and SARS-CoV-2 negative. Positivity rates were statistically higher for Hispanic or Latinx patients than other groups (P= .038). Although the yield of testing was low, the systematic evaluation of asymptomatic pediatric dental cases via PCR resulted in the identification of SARS-CoV-2 carriers who could have been infectious. In this study, Hispanics or Latinx had a higher positivity rate than other demographic groups. PCR testing for SARS-CoV-2 of asymptomatic patients in pediatric dentistry adds value to the use of screening questionnaires for the identification of infected people who could be contagious. PCR testing for SARS-CoV-2 of asymptomatic patients in pediatric dentistry adds value to the use of screening questionnaires for the identification of infected people who could be contagious.Tuberculosis is a prime example of a social disease that requires social, economic and environmental interventions. However, research on social determinants of Multidrug-Resistant (MDR-TB) is limited. The five-stage scoping review showed the most common association of MDR-TB with multidimensional poverty (income, nutrition, education and social support) both as a contributing factor and a consequence of it. The review also found that physical environment (inadequate housing, overcrowding, poor physical environment, and smoking), health care needs, cultural determinants (race, ethnicity and gender), comorbidities had a strong influence on the development and transmission of MDR-TB. Since, epidemiology and care for MDR-TB are greatly influenced by socioeconomic factors, social, environmental and economic actions are needed in addition to the implementation of novel diagnostic techniques and treatments.In December 2019, a large number of coronavirus cases were emerged in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China and rapidly spread to different countries and territories around the world within four months. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared this outbreak as a global health emergency. The spread of COVID-19 over globe is highly contagious; they transmitted from person-to-person through small droplets of infected person. Many diagnosis and treatment methods have been implemented to reduce and control the outbreak. Efforts have been made to develop coronavirus vaccine against S protein or spike glycoprotein of coronavirus. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/polyinosinic-acid-polycytidylic-acid.html COVID-19 outbreak will affect the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the world. At the time of preparing manuscript, total number of active cases reaches to more than 8.9 million and confirmed death reaches to approx. 4.6 lakh. This article highlights the ongoing research and advances in designing vaccine and therapeutics against COVID-19 and also focusing on the epidemiology, transmission, future direction and control the spread of infectious diseases. Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of death due to infectious diseases in the world. Kerala a southern state in India aims to eliminate TB in the near future. In order to achieve its goal Kerala is providing various social support services to TB patients to ensure their smooth transition as they pass through the treatment cascade. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to qualitatively analyse the support systems provided for TB patients in Kerala and to assess the enablers and challenges faced during the provision of these services. A qualitative study using grounded theory approach was carried out among TB survivors, current TB patients and healthcare workers from all 14 districts of Kerala along with district health officials. A total of 14 in depth interviews were conducted among healthcare workers from all the districts of Kerala. Three FGDs were conducted, out of which two were among TB survivors and another one among current TB patients. The data was collected till data saturation was reached.