GE syndromes. The motor status of PNES does not predict the phenotype of coexisting ES. The concordant kinetic semiology is present in more than half of the patients with dual diagnosis and available video data. In patients with PNES and ES, the hypokinetic semiology of PNES prevails over hyperkinetic semiology in TE and GE syndromes. The motor status of PNES does not predict the phenotype of coexisting ES. The concordant kinetic semiology is present in more than half of the patients with dual diagnosis and available video data. Epilepsy is a major public health concern in low-income countries (LIC) as they contain 80% of total cases worldwide. Syria has been in war since 2011 which made it difficult to prevent epilepsy risk factors which made this the first study on that matter. This is a case-control study from 3 medical centers in Damascus, Syria. Data were collected using questionnaires introduced by trained doctors. The control group included patients from a general practice clinic while the cases were taken from the three pediatric neurology clinics. The sample consisted of 334 patients with 167 cases and 167 controls. Multivariable analysis confirmed the association between positive family history (FH) in 1st degree (OR, 3.37, 95%CI 1.2-9.47) and 2nd degree relatives (OR, 3.98, 95%CI 1.84-8.62), febrile seizures whether they were simple (OR, 15.08, 95%CI 3.27-69.5) or complex (OR, 13.32, 95%CI 1.58-112.32), developmental delay/regression (OR, 14.31, 95%CI 6.3-32.49), and central nervous system (CNS) infection (OR, 34.05, 95%CI 2.02-573.92). Head trauma, parental factors, consanguinity, asphyxia parameters, and other risk factors were not found to be significantly associated with epilepsy (P > 0.05). While some results were similar to other studies, others were not. Efforts should be made to facilitate healthcare access and proper diagnosis. While some results were similar to other studies, others were not. Efforts should be made to facilitate healthcare access and proper diagnosis. Anxiety and depression symptoms in epilepsy are common, impactful and under-recognized and undertreated. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/sw033291.html While prior survey data suggests equipoise among epileptologists for managing anxiety and/or depression via prescribing in the epilepsy clinic versus psychiatry referral, patient preferences are unknown and should potentially influence practice habits among epileptologists. Thus, the primary objective of this study was to determine patient preference for anxiety and/or depression prescribing by neurologists versus psychiatry referral among an adult epilepsy clinic sample of symptomatic patients. Management preferences for anxiety and/or depression were surveyed in an adult tertiary care epilepsy clinic. Individuals who screened positive for anxiety and/or depression symptoms on validated instruments during a routine care-embedded learning health system study were recruited. Demographics, social variables, psychiatric treatment history, and treatment priorities and preferences were surveyed. Preference g never received neurologist medication management. None of the factors examined in the a priori multivariable model were associated with selecting psychiatry referral (compared to neurologist prescribing). In this sample, most patients indicated a preference for neurologists to prescribe for anxiety or depression symptoms in the epilepsy clinic. Care models involving neurologist prescribing for anxiety and depression symptoms merit further investigation and potential adoption in clinical practice. In this sample, most patients indicated a preference for neurologists to prescribe for anxiety or depression symptoms in the epilepsy clinic. Care models involving neurologist prescribing for anxiety and depression symptoms merit further investigation and potential adoption in clinical practice.Palliative care (PC) is an approach to the care of persons living with serious illness and their families that focuses on improving quality of life and reducing suffering by addressing complex medical symptoms, psychosocial needs, spiritual well-being, and advance care planning. While PC has traditionally been associated with hospice care for persons with cancer, there is now recognition that PC is relevant to many noncancer diagnoses, including neurologic illness, and at multiple points along the illness journey, not just end of life. Despite the recent growth of the field of neuropalliative care there has been scant attention paid to the relevance of PC principles in epilepsy or the potential for PC approaches to improve outcomes for persons living with epilepsy and their families. We believe this has been a significant oversight and that PC may provide a useful framework for addressing the many sources of suffering facing persons living with epilepsy, for engaging patients and families in challenging conversations, and to focus efforts to improve models of care for this population. In this manuscript we review areas of significant unmet needs where a PC approach may improve patient and family-centered outcomes, including complex symptom management, goals of care, advance care planning, psychosocial support for patient and family and spiritual well-being. When relevant we highlight areas where epilepsy patients may have unique PC needs compared to other patient populations and conclude with suggestions for future research, clinical, and educational efforts. To provide a framework for a virtual curriculum during the COVID-19 pandemic for medical student educators that introduces and teaches clinical concepts important in urology and surgical specialties in general. We created a 1-week virtual urology course utilizing interactive lectures, case-based exercises, and faculty-proctored surgical video reviews. Students were assigned self-study modules and participated in case-based discussions and presentations on a topic of their choice. Students' perceptions of urology as a specialty and the utility of the course was evaluated through pre- and postcourse surveys. Understanding of urologic content was evaluated with a multiple-choice exam. A total of nine students were enrolled in the course. All students reported increased understanding of the common urologic diagnoses and of urology as a specialty by an average of 2.5 points on a 10-point Likert scale (Cohen's measure of effect size 3.2). Additionally, 56% of students reported increased interest, 22% reported no change and 22% reported a decreased interest in pursuing urology as a specialty following the course.