s on Central Line-associated Bloodstream Infection in Liver Care Intensive Care Unit. Indian J Crit Care Med 2020;24(1)17-22. Copyright © 2020; Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd.Background Burn injuries in adults can be complicated due to various underlying factors. Of all the co-morbidities complicating wound healing and prognosis of the patient post burn injury, diabetes mellitus is the most common in India. We therefore aimed to explore the epidemiology, interventions, complications, and outcomes in diabetic patients with burn injury. Aim To analyze demographic characteristics, clinical and microbiological profile and outcome of diabetic burns patients in comparison with nondiabetic burns patients. Materials and methods This study was a retrospective analysis of diabetic and nondiabetic burns patients admitted to Apollo speciality clinics, Vanagaram, a tertiary care facility in Chennai over a period of 3 years. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/odm-201.html Data such as age, gender, type and degree of burns, percentage of burns and length of stay, mortality rate, infection rate, type of infections, surgical procedures, and medical complications were analyzed in comparison with nondiabetic burns patients. Results Among ninety-ftion Does it Differ from the Rest? Indian J Crit Care Med 2020;24(1)11-16. Copyright © 2020; Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd.Purpose Poor sleep quality in intensive care unit (ICU) can be associated with poor outcome. Excessive noise and lights in ICU are known to disrupt patients' sleep by causing arousals. Study design A prospective randomized controlled study. Materials and methods The patients admitted to the medical ICU were prospectively included and randomized to receive earplugs and eye masks or no intervention during their first 5 nights in ICU. Their arousal index and other sleep parameters were measured during the first night by polysomnography. Secondary outcomes including wrist actigraphy profiles and subjective sleep quality were recorded during all study nights. Results Seventeen patients were enrolled. Eight patients were randomized to earplugs and eye masks group and nine patients were randomized to control group during their first 5 nights in the ICU. The use of earplugs and eye masks demonstrated the trend toward lower arousal index during the first night (21.15 (14.60) vs 42.10 (18.20) events per hour, p = 0.086) and increased activity index (activity count/hour) (16.12 (7.99) vs 10.84 (10.39) count/hour, p = 0.059) compared to control group. Polysomnography and actigraphy did not demonstrate good agreement. Conclusion The use of earplugs and eye masks has a trend toward reduction in arousal index and increased activity in patients admitted to ICU. Limited sample size most likely explained insignificant difference in outcomes. Wrist actigraphy did not accurately measure sleep parameters in ICU patients. Trial registration www.clinicaltrials.in.th, TCTR20170727003. How to cite this article Arttawejkul P, Reutrakul S, Muntham D, Chirakalwasan N. Effect of Nighttime Earplugs and Eye Masks on Sleep Quality in Intensive Care Unit Patients. Indian J Crit Care Med 2020;24(1)6-10. Copyright © 2020; Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd.How to cite this article Gopal PB. The Clasp of CLABSI. Indian J Crit Care Med 2020;24(1)3-5. Copyright © 2020; Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd.How to cite this article Ramakrishnan N. Promoting Clinical Practices to Sleep Better A Dream Intensive Care Unit? Indian J Crit Care Med 2020;24(1)1-2. Copyright © 2020; Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd.Combination Antiretroviral Therapy (cART) consists of a cocktail of drugs administered to HIV-infected patients that can suppress the amount of HIV in the patient's blood plasma to an undetectable level. Our previous work has suggested that some HIV-infected patients, despite being placed on cART, can still have ongoing viral replication occurring in self-sustaining inflamed lymph node follicle sanctuary sites. Spatial models of the putative sites show that inflammation is a necessary condition for ongoing HIV replication. In this study, we model the hypothesis that ongoing HIV replication may provide a sufficiently strong pro-inflammatory signal to maintain inflammation levels consistent with continued HIV replication. A system of ordinary differential equations integrated with a reactive-diffusion system is used to model the HIV dynamics and the diameter of a lymph node follicle as a function of time and external influence. The estimates of the parameters in our model come from prior data when available. The results of our study show that these dynamics have two stable steady-state solutions, one with low inflammation and no ongoing HIV replication in the site, and one with high inflammation and high levels of ongoing HIV replication in the site. We furthermore show that the system can transition between the two outcomes in response to a transient exogenous addition of pro-inflammatory signaling, consistent with the antigenic stimulus of a secondary infection. The spatial isolation of the sites results in a low viral load in the blood plasma for both conditions.Young adults who transition to college are at particular risk of heavy episodic drinking (HED), as they consume more alcohol than their same-aged peers who do not attend college. Yet the link between college attendance and HED during young adulthood may vary depending on social class origins. Building on life course and socio-structural perspectives that suggest that status characteristics give meaning to role transitions in ways that shape young adults' drinking behavior, this study situates the risk of HED within the sociological context of educational attainment, and examines how parents' education conditions the relationship between young adults' college status and HED. We suggest that the odds of HED are higher when a young adult's college status is "off-diagonal"-incongruent with her/his parents' educational attainment. Using data from Waves I and III of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health for a sample of 13,526 young adults, stratified by sex, results indicate that being off-diagonal increases the odds of HED, but not for everyone.