A decline in working memory (WM) capacity is suggested to be one of the earliest symptoms observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although WM capacity is widely studied in healthy subjects and neuropsychiatric patients, few tasks are developed to measure this variation in rodents. The present study describes a novel olfactory working memory capacity (OWMC) task, which assesses the ability of mice to remember multiple odours. The task was divided into five phases context adaptation, digging training, rule-learning for non-matching to a single-sample odour (NMSS), rule-learning for non-matching to multiple sample odours (NMMS) and capacity testing. During the capacity-testing phase, the WM capacity (number of odours that the mice could remember) remained stable (average capacity ranged from 6.11 to 7.00) across different testing sessions in C57 mice. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/abemaciclib.html As the memory load increased, the average errors of each capacity level increased and the percent correct gradually declined to chance level, which suggested a limited OWMC in C57 mice. Then, we assessed the OWMC of 5 × FAD transgenic mice, an animal model of AD. We found that the performance displayed no significant differences between young adult (3-month-old) 5 × FAD mice and wild-type (WT) mice during the NMSS phase and NMMS phase; however, during the capacity test with increasing load, we found that the OWMC of young adult 5 × FAD mice was significantly decreased compared with WT mice, and the average error was significantly increased while the percent correct was significantly reduced, which indicated an impairment of WM capacity at the early stage of AD in the 5 × FAD mice model. Finally, we found that FOS protein levels in the medial prefrontal cortex and entorhinal cortex after the capacity test were significantly lower in 5 × FAD than WT mice. In conclusion, we developed a novel paradigm to assess the capacity of olfactory WM in mice, and we found that OWMC was impaired in the early stage of AD. In Spain, water pipe is a common device for substance abuse. It is the second most widespread way of cannabis abuse (11.9%) between young people from 14 to 23 years old. This use has become a public health problem, because of an intensive consumption in young people is considered as a predictor of excessive consumption in adulthood, and it causes health problems and increases the health costs. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between water pipe use, lifestyle (diet, physical activity and sleep) and psychological distress, also considering unexpected effects, in university students. An observational and cross-sectional study was carried out, on a sample of 825 students from the University of Huelva, selected by random sampling stratified by conglomerates. The instruments used were extracted from a larger study called "Health Behavior in University". SPSS 26.0 software was used for statistical analysis and statistical analysis was performed on the data collected. The use of water pipe was associated with less adherence to the Mediterranean diet (t=1.64; p=0.04; d=0.12), a lower number of hours of sleep during weekends (t=2.12; p =0.03; d=0.14) and with intense physical activity (t=-1.80; p=0.07; d=0.13). On the contrary, it was not associated with psychological distress. The use of water pipe seems to be inversely related to some aspects of a lifestyle that could be associated with long-term metabolic and respiratory diseases. The use of water pipe seems to be inversely related to some aspects of a lifestyle that could be associated with long-term metabolic and respiratory diseases.The zero-temperature phase diagram and spin dynamics of the 2D ferrimagnetic J 1-J 2 model with (S 1, S 2) = (1/2, 1) are investigated using the time-dependent cluster mean-field theory (t-CMFT). The t-CMFT enables the investigation of the quantum-mechanical as well as semi-classical phase diagram and spin dynamics by control of the entanglement. For the characterization of the ferrimagnetic system, the magnetization, the energy per atom, the cluster quantum states and the von Neumann entropy have been determined.According to several theories, the oro-facial sphere would be interconnected with the rest of the body justifying the requests for care to improve a body zone at a distance. The aim of this literature review was to look for potential distant links of dysmorphoses of the three dimensions of space according to the etiopathogenic theories and the data of science. We carried out a keyword search leading to 58 references. In the transverse dimension, the transverse maxillary hypoplasia and dissymmetry of the molar class of the transverse dimension would not induce a change in the distribution of the weight of the body on a stabilometric platform. In the vertical dimension, hyperdivergent patients have a decreased bite force, cephalic extension with respect to the spine, an extension of the base of the skull, and decreased cervical lordosis. In the anteroposterior dimension, skeletal classes II would be associated with increased cervical lordosis and posterior cephalic extension according to the « true vertical » (inversely for classes III). The prevalence of dental classes II would be increased in scoliosis subjects. Studies with a low level of evidence (grade III, IV or even V) should be interpreted with caution because the simultaneous presence of concomitant anomalies does not allow us to conclude that there is a cause-and-effect relationship. Dermoscopy has been shown to be a useful supportive tool to assist the diagnosis of several non-neoplastic dermatoses (i.e. inflammatory, infiltrative and infectious skin diseases), yet data on skin of colour is still limited. To characterize dermoscopic features of non-neoplastic dermatoses in dark-skinned patients in order to identify possible clues that may facilitate the differential diagnosis of clinically similar conditions. Members of the International Dermoscopy Society were invited to submit cases of any non-neoplastic dermatosis developing in patients with Fitzpatrick Phototypes V-VI whose diagnosis had been confirmed by the corresponding gold standard diagnostic test. A standardized assessment of the dermoscopic images and a comparative analysis according to clinical presentation were performed. Seven clinical categories were identified (I) papulosquamous dermatoses; (II) facial hyperpigmented dermatoses; (III) extra-facial hyperpigmented dermatoses; (IV) hypopigmented dermatoses; (V) granulomatous dermatoses; (VI) sclerotic dermatoses; and (VII) facial inflammatory dermatoses.