Branchial cleft anomalies are the second most common congenital head and neck lesions in children. The first congenital head and neck lesion is thyroglossal duct cysts. First branchial cleft anomalies are rare congenital head and neck malformations (8 % of branchial cleft anomalies). The initial clinical manifestation was recurrent infections and/ or discharge in auricular, periauricular, parotid or upper neck regions. These anomalies are extremely rare and other associated facial malformations were described. The computed tomography and magnetic resonance can help the diagnosis. The antibiotic treatment is indicated in acute infection. Also, incision and drainage are recommended in abscessed processes. In this report, we present a case of retroauricular sinus infection in a 6-year-old child with congenital ear anomalies.Diffuse pulmonary lymphangiomatosis is a rare disease characterized by marked proliferation and dilation of lymphatic vessels in the lungs, pleura, and mediastinum. The prevalence is unknown and the etiology is not fully understood. A 22-month-old girl was admitted for polyserositis, with pericardial and pleural effusion. She required pericardiocentesis and pleural drainage, presenting chyle drainage (1.5-4 liters/ day) without response to medical treatment (fasting, parenteral nutrition and octreotide). A lung biopsy was performed. The pathological anatomy showed findings compatible with diffuse pulmonary lymphangiomatosis. Treatment with sirolimus and propanolol began, decreasing losses due to pleural drainage one week after treatment. She progressed well, discontinued oxygen supply and pleural drainage was removed, leaving the patient after the fourth month of hospitalization. Early diagnosis of diffuse pulmonary lymphangiomatosis is difficult to achieve, but it allows the application of therapies that prevent disease progression, reducing morbidity and mortality.Hematomas and septal abscesses are an emergency in rhinology and require early surgical treatment due to the risk of infectious, functional, and aesthetic complications. They generally occur as a consequence of nasal trauma, although they have also been described in relation to other triggers. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/tepp-46.html Accumulation of blood or pus between the mucoperichondrium and septal cartilage, causes avascular necrosis injury to the cartilage with cartilage destruction. Clinically it presents as nasal ventilatory insufficiency and facial pain. In a lower percentage, the reason for consultation was nasal dorsal deformity, epistaxis, purulent rhinorrhea and fever. We present two clinical cases with septal hematoma. Both required surgery.Escalator-related injuries are rare but can be a medical emergency with potentially dangerous complications. The severe upper limb involvement related to injury occurred on an escalator is described. A two year-old patient suffered a fall going down an escalator; her left arm was caught between one of the steps and the comb of the last step. She was admitted to the Emergency Room for the initial stabilization. The foreign body was removed in the operating room. No vascular or nervous compromise was found, but there was severe loss of subcutaneous cellular tissue. The metal comb was removed, and repair surgery was performed on the affected limb. She required four more surgical interventions for plastic and reconstructive surgery. The patient had a good clinical evolution and was discharged without functional sequelae.Coronavirus infections (CoV) are common in pediatric patients. In general, they produce a mild clinical presentation consisting of an upper respiratory tract infection that does not usually infect the lungs, with the exception of preterm infants and children with chronic diseases. These infections exceptionally affect other organs (heart, brain, gastrointestinal tract), thus increasing their severity. In relation to the temporal coincidence with the beginning of the current situation of pandemic by the new beta coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 responsible for its associated disease (COVID-19), this study presents a clinical case of a 5-year-old patient showing multiple-organ failure and neurological sequelae due to bulbar injury and vascular thrombosis caused by an alpha coronavirus (CoV-NL63) due to its severity and exceptionality.Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms syndrome associated with human herpesvirus 6. A pediatric case treated with cyclosporine and corticosteroids elevated C-reactive protein, and abnormal liver tests. The skin biopsy was compatible with an adverse drug reaction. Treatment with systemic corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin had no response. Polymerase chain reaction for human herpesvirus type 6 was positive, and cyclosporine plus prednisone was started with a good response. There is little evidence for the use of cyclosporine in adults when systemic corticosteroids are ineffective. This is the first report of pediatric drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms treated with cyclosporine, which could be an effective alternative or an adjunct to systemic corticosteroid therapy unresponsive to conventional treatments.Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy in childhood, corresponding to 23 % of cancer in children younger than 15 years old. About 20 % of ALL cases will relapse, commonly in the bone marrow. Extramedullar relapses are unusual, and the two most frequent locations are CNS and testicles. ALL relapses, when diagnosed in the CNS, frequently present with clinical features of a meningeal syndrome. The hypothalamic syndrome, consisting of hyperphagia, obesity and / or behavior disturbances, corresponds to an unusual presentation of relapses in this location and should alert pediatricians to suspect it. We describe 4 ALL cases of hypothalamic syndrome at the time of CNS relapse.Fracture separation of the epiphysis from the distal femur is a elatively rare lesion in newborns, but it has been documented as a difficult complication of labor. Most of the cases occur at the distal humeral level and exceptionally affect the femur. Epiphysiolysis of the distal femur is practically not described. They are normally located in the upper third of the femur due to a twisting movement of the femur in breech deliveries and even in difficult caesarean sections. The differential diagnosis at the beginning of the examination is usually with septic arthritis of the newborn. This difficult and infrequent diagnosis arises from a 3-day-old baby who presents for his post-discharge check-up with swelling in one of his knees.