05). In addition, when compared with the control group, women with a history of HA were at a higher risk of placental risks (P less then 0.05), such as placenta previa (11.6% versus 3.1%), abnormally invasive placenta (AIP) (33.56% versus 2.7%), and retained placenta (42.5% versus 8.6%). This resulted in a significantly higher postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) rate in the study group as compared with that in the control group (8.9% versus 1.0%, P less then 0.05). Such cases were more likely to be found in patients with severe IUA compared with those who were assessed as mild and moderate. Conclusions The history of HA might be an important risk factor inducing placental problems and PPH in the third trimester. More attention should be paid to the labor of pregnant women with a history of HA. 2020 Annals of Translational Medicine. All rights reserved.Background Intrauterine adhesions (IUAs) can be dissected using hysteroscopic scissors (cold scissors) or other methods, but there is no consensus on which hysteroscopic method is preferable. There is also no consensus on the method of how to deal with the scar tissue on the surface of the intrauterine cavity. Methods From January 2016 to October 2017, 179 patients who had HA met the enrollment criteria (see the text below), and their data were analyzed retrospectively. In addition, all patients were divided into three groups according to the surgical techniques used. The groups were the ploughing group (PG) (using cold scissors to dissect the adhesion and cut the scar tissue using a ploughing technique) (n=81), the traditional group (TG) (using cold scissors to dissect the adhesion, but not deal with the scar tissue) (n=42), and the electrosurgical group (EG) (using a resectoscope to dissect the adhesion with an energy L-hook electrode, and not deal with the scar tissue) (n=56). Safety (surgical complications), feasibility (surgical technique replacement rate), and postoperative efficacy (reduction of AFS score, pregnancy, and live birth rate), were each evaluated between groups. Results No statistically significant differences between the groups were observed in basic preoperative information (P>0.05), while there were significant differences between PG and TG, as well as PG and EG in postoperative AFS scores (PG vs. TG P=0.007; PG vs. EG P less then 0.001) and pregnancy outcome (PG vs. TG P=0.039; PG vs. EG P less then 0.001). No patients had surgical complications such as uterine perforations, moderate or severe fluid overload, heavy uterine bleeding, nor any surgical technique replacements (for example, transfer to use a resectoscope). Conclusions Cold scissors ploughing technique in HA is effective, feasible, and safe, and thus worthy of further study. 2020 Annals of Translational Medicine. All rights reserved.Background Intrauterine adhesion (IUA) prevalence is difficult to measure, but appears to have increased over the last few decades. The reproductive outcomes following hysteroscopic adhesiolysis (HA) for moderate-severe IUAs were unsatisfactory, and few studies have analyzed the clinical characteristics pre-, intra- and post-HA to determine the main risk factors for infertility in patients with IUAs. Methods This retrospective observational study included 406 patients, desiring fertility, who had undergone HA between January 1st, 2016 to May 31st, 2017, and had moderate-to-severe IUA [5-12 on the American Fertility Society (AFS) classification scale]. Logistic regression was performed to analyze the data of the clinical characteristics associated with IUA. Results A total of 406 IUA patients were initially collected. Twenty-six [26] were lost during follow-up or excluded by other criteria; 380 were included in the study with a follow-up period ranging from 2 to 3 years. There were 215 patients (56.6%) that became pregnant, of whom 18 spontaneously miscarried, 5 birthed prematurely (31-36 gestational weeks), 182 delivered at term, and 10 were pregnant at the end of the study. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/bzatp-triethylammonium-salt.html A bivariate and binary logistic regression analysis showed that an age of >30 years, cohesive IUA, lack of increased menstrual volume, and more than 2 times undergoing HA procedure were the risk factors for infertility in IUA patients (P less then 0.05). Conclusions Age, severity of IUA, increased menstrual volume, and HA procedures were the dominant factors affecting reproductive outcomes and may be regarded as potential predictors for evaluating IUA prognosis. 2020 Annals of Translational Medicine. All rights reserved.An 8-year-old intact female Chihuahua was presented for evaluation and possible occlusion of a previously diagnosed patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Transthoracic echocardiography revealed left ventricular and left atrial enlargement, enlargement of the main pulmonary artery, and a PDA with bidirectional shunting. Tricuspid regurgitant velocities suggested moderate pulmonary hypertension. The PDA was occluded with an Amplatz® Canine Duct Occluder using a transarterial approach on the following day. No immediate complications were observed other than an acute decrease in left ventricular systolic function. One day after the PDA occlusion transthoracic echocardiography revealed no residual ductal flow, but there was spontaneous echocardiographic contrast in the left ventricle. The patient was discharged with sildenafil, pimobendan, and clopidogrel. Five weeks later when the patient was presented for a recheck examination, the previously documented spontaneous echocardiographic contrast was no longer present. Finding spontaneous echocardiographic contrast in the dog has not previously been reported in association with PDA occlusion. Copyright © 2020 Winter, Remaks and Newhard.Eimeria infection impacts upon chicken welfare and economic productivity of the poultry sector. Live coccidiosis vaccines for chickens have been available for almost 70 years, but the requirement to formulate blends of oocysts from multiple Eimeria species makes vaccine production costly and logistically demanding. A multivalent vaccine that does not require chickens for its production and can induce protection against multiple Eimeria species is highly desirable. However, despite the identification and testing of many vaccine candidate antigens, no recombinant coccidiosis vaccine has been developed commercially. Currently, assessment of vaccine efficacy against Eimeria, and the disease coccidiosis, can be done only through in vivo vaccination and challenge experiments but the design of such studies has been highly variable. Lack of a "standard" protocol for assessing vaccine efficacy makes comparative evaluations very difficult, complicating vaccine development, and validation. The formulation and schedule of vaccination, the breed of chicken and choice of husbandry system, the species, strain, magnitude, and timing of delivery of the parasite challenge, and the parameters used to assess vaccine efficacy all influence the outcomes of experimental trials.