Height measurement is one of the common essential anthropometric measurements in clinical pediatrics. The most accurate method of determining a child's height is to measure the height. However, in emergency situations and some resource limited settings, obtaining the actual height of a child may not be feasible hence the need to estimate. The most common age-based formulae for height estimation in children is the Nelson-Wheech formula, 6n + 77 where n = age in years. The accuracy of this height estimation formulae has not been assessed in a developing setting like ours with high prevalence of malnutrition. This study therefore sought to evaluate the accuracy of the height estimation formula in children in communities across Enugu southeast Nigeria. Children 2-12 years old who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled over 12 months from three of the 17 Local Government Area of Enugu State. Height was measured using a standard stadiometer and estimated height was calculated 6n + 77. Data collected was analyzed using SPSS. Of the 4046 children enrolled, majority (86.1%) were of normal height. The formula underestimated height of children in the two, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9 and 10 years old categories by a factor of 1.2%-10.0% while overestimating height in 8-year old children by 5.1%, 11-year old by 0.2% and 12-year by 2.9%. Overall, the estimated height using the formula was within ± 10% agreement of the actual height of surveyed children in 77.0% of children surveyed. The 6n + 77 formula is a reasonable but not entirely accurate for height estimation for children in our setting. The 6n + 77 formula is a reasonable but not entirely accurate for height estimation for children in our setting. The use of oral tenofovir/emtricitabine (FTC/TDF) for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among high-risk people without Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), is emerging as an innovative strategy to decrease HIV epidemic. The study aims at evaluating the implications related to PrEP introduction, from a multidimensional point of view, as required by Health Technology Assessment (HTA) approach, with a particular attention on sustainability and social factors, influencing PrEP implementation. An analysis was conducted involving 35 Italian Infectious Disease Departments. The introduction of PrEP (applied both as "add-on" and "substitute" prevention strategy) into the clinical practice was compared with a baseline scenario, consisting of condoms among men who have sex with men, and serodiscordant couples, and the use of Needle Syringe Programme among injection drugs users The above scenarios were analysed by means of a Health Technology Assessment (HTA) approach. The 9 EUnetHTA Core Model domains were assessed thro its adoption would be deeply investigated, with the potential opportunity to create specific ambulatories devoted to PrEP users' especially for medium and big size hospitals.In the last ten years the number of asylum seekers has increased in all of Europe. Our Migrants Health Unit in Piacenza, Emilia Romagna, Italy, is designated to provide primary health care for migrants without a regular permit of stay and, since 2015, is the reference center for asylum-seekers in our Province. Aim of this study is to describe the results of the screening for infectious diseases performed in asylum seekers from January 2015 to December 2015. For any asylum seekers referred to our Centre, we recorded demographical data and we offered screening for HIV, HBV, HCV, syphilis and active tuberculosis (TB). https://www.selleckchem.com/products/kpt-330.html Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the characteristics of the cohort. In 2015, 316 asylum seekers accessed to our Centre. Of them, the majority were men (N= 275; 87,03%). Africa was the most represented geographical area (221, 69,94%), followed from Asia (95, 30.06%). The median age was 25,4 years. 301 patients underwent chest X-Ray, that resulted negative in 262 cases (87%). HBsAg testing proved to be positive in 17 (5,3%) cases. The screening test for HCV, HIV and syphilis resulted respectively positive in 1.9%, 0.3% and 1.6%. In Italy, three hexavalent pediatric vaccines are available two are ready-to-use (RTU) as pre-filled syringes, while the third must be reconstituted (need-for-reconstitution [NFR]). The formulation is related to the vaccination timing, safety of preparation and administration, and possible errors in immunization. We surveyed Italian healthcare professionals (HCPs) experienced with RTU and NFR vaccines in order to investigate their opinions on key aspects of the vaccines. In Q1 2018, a qualitative study, ethnographic observations and in-depth interviews were performed in public vaccination settings of three Italian Regions. Data on how the vaccination process was managed and perceptions about the value of the RTU formulation were collected. In Q2 2018, face-to-face interviews were carried out to explore the attitude and preferences of Italian HCPs from nine Regions, assessing advantages and disadvantages of the two formulations from a quantitative point of view. In Q3-Q4 data analysis was carried out, using both qualitative and quantitative methodologies. The first phase demonstrated the following advantages of the RTU versus the NFR formulation time-saving, lower probability of needle contamination and needle stick incidents, better handling, simpler procedure, easier disposal of waste. For the survey, 149 HCPs were interviewed; 80% and 40%, respectively, were very satisfied with the RTU and NFR vaccine. Our study demonstrated that HCPs prefer the RTU formulation, as it simplifies vaccinations, reduces preparation time and minimizes the risk of errors. This formulation also saves time that can be spent on more in-depth counseling. Our study demonstrated that HCPs prefer the RTU formulation, as it simplifies vaccinations, reduces preparation time and minimizes the risk of errors. This formulation also saves time that can be spent on more in-depth counseling. Childhood diarrhoeal diseases and stunting are major health problems in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Poor water supply, sanitation services and hygiene, frequently encountered in resource-poor settings, contribute to childhood diarrhoea and stunting. Data on demographic characteristics, hygiene practices, sanitation and human-animal interactions (predictors) and child height-for-age z-scores (HAZ) (outcome) were collected once, while diarrhoea incidences were collected fortnightly for 24 months (outcome). Drinking water from public taps (OR = 0.51, 95% CI. 0.44-0.61; p < 0.001) and open wells (OR = 0.46, 95% CI. 0.39-0.54; p < 0.001) and older age of children (OR = 0.43, 95% CI. 0.27-0.67; p < 0.001) were protective against diarrhoea. Inappropriate disposal of children's faeces (OR = 1.15, 95% CI. 1.02-1.31; p = 0.025), sharing water sources with animals in the dry season (OR = 1.48, 95% CI. 1.29-1.70; p < 0.001), overnight sharing of houses with cats (OR = 1.35, 95% CI. 1.16-1.