Sleep has consistently been shown to have a dyadic nature among married older adults, however less is known about the influence of a spouses' social characteristics on one's own sleep. Focusing on older adults, we examined the association between one's spouses' educational attainment and one's own sleep duration. We used the 2004-2018 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) to analyze heterosexual married adults aged 50-84 (n=89,180). Respondents reported typical sleep duration in a 24-hour period, which was categorized as short (≤6 hours), normal (7-8 hours), or long (≥9 hours). We fit multinomial logistic regression models predicting these categories of sleep duration and accounted for demographic, household socioeconomic characteristics, and health/health behaviors. Using interaction terms we tested if the association varied by the respondent's gender and educational attainment. Older adults married to spouses with college or more education had significantly lower relative risk of short sleep than those whose spouses had some college, high school or less than high school education, net of the covariates including their own education. The benefit of higher levels of spousal education was significantly more protective against short sleep for women and more highly educated older adults. Older adults married to spouses with high levels of education reported more favorable sleep durations, but this benefit was significantly stronger for women and the highly educated which has important implications for their aging. These findings suggest that social inequality may condition the dyadic nature of sleep for heterosexual married older adults. Older adults married to spouses with high levels of education reported more favorable sleep durations, but this benefit was significantly stronger for women and the highly educated which has important implications for their aging. These findings suggest that social inequality may condition the dyadic nature of sleep for heterosexual married older adults. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lactate levels can differentiate between bacterial and viral meningitis. We measured CSF lactate in individuals with cryptococcal meningitis to determine its clinical significance. We measured point-of-care CSF lactate at the bedside of 319 HIV-infected Ugandan adults at diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis. We summarized demographic variables and clinical characteristics by CSF lactate tertiles. We evaluated the association of CSF lactate with clinical characteristics and survival. Individuals with high CSF lactate >5 mmol/L at cryptococcal diagnosis more likely presented with altered mental status (p<.0001), seizures (p=.0005), elevated intracranial opening pressure (p=.03), higher CSF white cells (p=.007), and lower CSF glucose (p=.0003) compared to those with mid-range (3.1 to 5 mmol/L) or low (≤3 mmol/L) CSF lactate levels. Two-week mortality was higher among individuals with high baseline CSF lactate >5 mmol/L (35%; 38/109) as compared to individuals with mid-ranseizures, elevated CSF opening pressures, and are at a greater risk of death. Future studies are needed to determine targeted therapeutic management strategy in persons with high CSF lactate. Medication sampling is a clinically useful tool to engage smokers in the quitting process. Whether varenicline is suitable for sampling purposes is unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility, uptake, and preliminary outcomes of varenicline sampling. Smokers (N=99), both motivated to quit and not, were recruited and randomized to varenicline sampling vs. not, with 12 week follow-up. The intervention consisted of mailing one-time samples of varenicline (lasting 2-4wks), with minimally suggestive guidance on use. Uptake of varenicline was strong, at 2 weeks (54% any use, 66% daily use) and 4 weeks (38%, 46%), with 58% of medication users seeking additional medication. Most users followed conventional titration patterns, self-titrating from 0.5mg to 2mg. Relative to control, varenicline sampling increased motivation (p=0.006) and confidence to quit (p=0.02), and decreased cigarette smoking (p=0.02). Smokers receiving varenicline samples were significantly more likely to achieve 50% reunclear. Results from this trial demonstrate that varenicline sampling is feasible, safe, and suggestive of clinically important steps toward quitting, deserving of a larger trial. Use of evidence-based pharmacotherapies for smoking cessation is low. Medication sampling is a pragmatic behavioral exercise that allows smokers to experience the benefits of using them, while promoting positive downstream effects towards quitting. While previous studies have shown that NRT sampling is viable and effective, whether this extends to varenicline is unclear. Results from this trial demonstrate that varenicline sampling is feasible, safe, and suggestive of clinically important steps toward quitting, deserving of a larger trial.Folic acid (FA) supplementation is important during pregnancy to avoid malformations in the offspring. However, it is unknown if it can affect the offspring throughout their lives. To evaluate the offspring, female mother rats (Dam's) were separated into 5 groups Four groups received the AIN-93 diet, divided into control and FA (5, 10 and 50 mg/kg), and an additional group received a FA deficient diet, the diet was performed during pregnancy and lactation. We evaluated the female offspring of these Dam's (at 2-and 18-months-old). The aged offspring fed with FA deficient diet presented habituation, spatial and aversive memory impairment and the FA maternal supplementation prevented this. The natural aging caused an increase in the TNF-α and IL-1β levels in the hippocampus from 18-months-old offspring. FA maternal supplementation was able to prevent the increase of these cytokines. IL-4 levels decreased in the prefrontal cortex from aged control rats and FA prevented it. FA deficiency decreased the levels of IL-4 in the hippocampus of the young offspring. https://www.selleckchem.com/screening/kinase-inhibitor-library.html In addition, natural aging and FA deficiency decreased BDNF levels in the hippocampus and NGF levels in the prefrontal cortex and FA supplementation prevent it. Thus, the present study shows for the first time the effect of FA maternal supplementation on memory, cytokines and neurotrophins in the aged offspring.