The ubiquitous occurrence of steroid estrogens (SEs) in the aquatic environment has raised global concern for their potential environmental impacts. This paper extensively compiled and reviewed the available occurrence data of SEs, namely estrone (E1), 17α-estradiol (17α-E2), 17β-estradiol (17β-E2), estriol (E3), and 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE2), based on 145 published articles in different regions all over the world including 51 countries and regions during January 2015-March 2020. The data regarding SEs concentrations and estimated 17β-estradiol equivalency (EEQ) values are then compared and analyzed in different environmental matrices, including natural water body, drinking and tap water, and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) effluent. The detection frequencies of E1, 17β-E2, and E3 between the ranges of 53%-83% in natural water and WWTPs effluent, and the concentration of SEs varied considerably in different countries and regions. The applicability for EEQ estimation via multiplying relative effect potency (REPi) by chemical analytical data, as well as correlation between EEQbio and EEQcal was also discussed. The risk quotient (RQ) values were on the descending order of EE2 > 17β-E2 > E1 > 17α-E2 > E3 in the great majority of investigations. Furthermore, E1, 17β-E2, and EE2 exhibited high or medium risks in water environmental samples via optimized risk quotient (RQf) approach at the continental-scale. This overview provides the latest insights on the global occurrence and ecological impacts of SEs and may act as a supportive tool for future SEs investigation and monitoring.Plastic, and especially microplastic, contamination of soils has become a novel research field. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/gyy4137.html After the detection of microplastics in soils, spatial distribution and dynamics are still unknown. However, the potential risks associated with plastic particles in soils cannot be sufficiently assessed without knowledge about the spatial distribution of these anthropogenic materials. Based on a spatial research approach, including soil surveys, this study quantified the mesoplastic (MEP, > 5.0 mm) and coarse microplastics (CMP, 2.0-5.0 mm) content of twelve floodplain soils. At four transects in the catchment area of the Lahn river (Germany), soils down to a depth of 2 m were examined for plastic content for the first time. MEP and CMP were detected through visual examination after sample preprocessing and ATR-FTIR analyses. Average MEP and CMP concentrations range between 2.06 kg-1 (±1.55 kg-1) and 1.88 kg-1 (±1.49 kg-1) with maximal values of 5.37 MEP kg-1 to 8.59 CMP kg-1. Plastic particles are heterogeneously distributed in samples. Both plastic size classes occur more frequently in topsoils than in soil layers deeper than 30 cm. The maximal depth of CMP occurrence lies between 75 and 100 cm. Most common CMP polymer type was PE-LD, followed by PP and PA. MEP and CMP particles occur frequently at near channel sides and more often on riparian strips or grassland than on farmland. Vertical distribution of CMP indicates anthropogenic relocation in topsoils and additional deep displacement through natural processes like preferential flow paths or bioturbation. By comparing sedimentation rates of the river with the maximum age of plastic particles, sedimentation as a deposition process of plastic in floodplains becomes probable. From our findings, it can be concluded that an overall widespread but spatial heterogenous contamination occurs in floodplain soils. Additionally, a complex plastic source pattern seems to appear in floodplain areas.Bisphenol S (BPS) is an endocrine disruptor which is widely used in commercial plastic products. Previous studies have shown that exposure to BPS has toxic effects on various aspects of mammalian, but there are few reports about reproductive toxicity. In order to investigate the effects of maternal BPS exposure on the reproductive of F1 and F2 female mice, the pregnant mice were orally administered with different dosages of BPS only once every day from 12.5 to 15.5 days post-coitus (dpc). The results showed that maternal BPS exposure to 2 μg per kg of body weight per day (2 μg/kg) and 10 μg/kg accelerated the meiotic prophase I (MPI) of F1 female mice and the expression of the genes related to meiotic were increased. Further studies showed that maternal BPS exposure resulted in a significant increase in the percentage of oocytes enclosed in primordial follicles in the 3 days post-partum (3 dpp) ovaries of F1 female mice. And at the time of 21 days post-partum (21 dpp) in F1 female mice, the number of antral follicles were significantly lower compare to controls. In the study of five-week female mice of F1, we found that BPS disturbed the folliculogenesis, and the maturation rates and fertilization rates of oocytes were significantly decreased. Of note, maternal BPS exposure disrupted H3K4 and H3K9 tri-methylation levels in F1 ovaries. Maternal BPS exposure only affected the cyst breakdown in F2 female mice. Taken together, our results suggest that, maternal BPS exposure impaired the process of meiosis and oogenesis of F1 and F2 offspring, resulting in abnormal follicular development and serious damage to the reproduction.Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a class of organohalogenated compounds of environmental concern due to similar characteristics as the well-studied legacy persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that typically show environmental persistence, biomagnification and toxicity. Nevertheless, PFAS are still poorly regulated internationally and in many aspects poorly understood. Here, we studied liver and muscle concentrations in five cetacean species stranded at the southeastern coast of Spain during 2009-2018. Twelve of the fifteen targeted compounds were detected in >50% of the liver samples. Hepatic concentrations were significantly higher than those in muscle reflecting the particular toxicokinetics of these compounds. Bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus showed the highest hepatic ΣPFAS (n = 5; 796.8 ± 709.0 ng g-1 ww) concentrations, followed by striped dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba (n = 29; 259.5 ± 136.2 ng g-1 ww), sperm whale Physeter macrocephalus (n = 1; 252.8 ng g-1 ww), short-beaked common dolphin Delphinus delphis (n = 2; 240.