Chondroblastomas are rare, benign cartilage-producing primary bone tumours that account for 1% of all primary bone tumours. They are usually seen in young adult males and affect long tubulous bones such as the femur or humerus. Occurrences in non-tubular flat bones such as the craniofacial skeleton do occur but are seen in older adults. With only around 100 cases reported in the English literature, 'Temporal Bone Chondroblastomas' can present a diagnostic challenge for both surgeon and histopathologist. Clinical presentation can be subtle and patients may have longstanding symptoms due to compression of surrounding structures. Imaging in the form of contrast CT and/or MRI is recommended to assess size, proximity to neurovascular structures and plan operative approach. Definitive treatment is surgical excision, with radiotherapy reserved for recurrence or unfit surgical patients. Long-term follow-up is recommended for surveillance due to high recurrence rates. We present our experience managing this rare entity.A neonate, born at 24 weeks, underwent a patent ductus arteriosus ligation, with previous normal thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, developed severe hypothyroidism from topical exposure to iodine following a single surgical procedure at 28 days of life. A low free T4 level of 0.05 ng/dL and a high TSH level of 228 mIU/L was detected with an increased urinary iodine excretion level of 178 mg/L (reference range 0.30-1.97 mg/L). The thyroid ultrasound was normal. Levothyroxine was started immediately but thyroid function did not recover fully during admission and levothyroxine was required beyond term corrected. This case highlighted how susceptible extremely preterm infants are to iodine induced hypothyroidism, even short-term topical exposure. Delayed treatment of hypothyroidism can lead to profound neurodevelopmental delay. As surgical advances allow for interventions at earlier gestations, the importance of early thyroid function testing postexposure to iodine is highlighted and ultimately topical iodine should be avoided in these susceptible infants.Accurate identification of left ventricular masses (LVM) can be challenging, and if incorrect, may have devastating consequences. While transthoracic echocardiography is often the first test to identify intracardiac masses, cardiac MRI (CMRI) allows for better anatomical definition and tissue characterisation. We present a case of a 51-year-old man who presented with 4 weeks of shortness of breath, found on echocardiogram to have severely reduced LV function and a 2.5×4.0 cm LVM with a hypolucent/cystic core. Due to the unusual appearance, CMRI was required for confirmation of an LV thrombus. This case highlights the importance of multimodality imaging in the discovery and identification of LVM.Invasive liver abscess syndrome (ILAS) is caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae and is typically seen in people from East Asia, often with diabetes and gallstones. ILAS includes metastatic sequelae of the infection, commonly to the eyes. The case described below occurred in a London hospital. The patient's abscess was diagnosed on CT and MRI and he developed endophthalmitis secondary to metastatic spread of the infection. He was treated with intravenous and intravitreal antibiotics and discharged with a plan for vitrectomy and cholecystectomy as an outpatient. We discuss the epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, prognosis and management of this rare condition. There have been a number of recent reports of cases of this nature outside of Asia and we believe greater awareness is required. A high index of suspicion should be held for the potential development of metastases in patients of this demographic presenting with abscesses of this nature.Glottic stenosis can be an unexpected finding during an intubation, causing difficulties that may result in a 'can't intubate, can't ventilate' situation. We present a case of a patient who required an emergency tracheostomy, in the setting of a failed intubation secondary to glottic stenosis. The patient underwent open laryngotracheal reconstruction, followed by tracheostomy decannulation 2 months post-surgery. This paper highlights the importance of awareness of laryngeal pathology masquerading as respiratory conditions. It also outlines the critical approach to managing 'can't intubate, can't ventilate' situations.Ectopic thyroid tissue (ETT) is a rare developmental abnormality due to aberrant embryogenesis of the thyroid gland. Although rare ( less then 1%), papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common malignant transformation seen. A 34-year-old man presented with neck nodal swelling, on preoperative evaluation, was found to have PT) in ETT with the normal thyroid gland and nodal metastasis. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/mira-1.html The patient underwent surgery for PTC along with Sistrunk's procedure and the histopathology revealed ectopic thyroid carcinoma with a normal thyroid and lymph nodal metastasis. Although a rare entity, the possibility of an ectopic thyroid carcinoma should be considered in differentiated cancers with neck nodes in the setting of a normal thyroid gland. Clinical suspicion and radiological imaging would help improve the preoperative diagnosis which in turn alters the management and thereby providing a better outcome to the patient.A 25-year-old woman with a history of frequent urinary tract infections and dribbling urinary incontinence since early childhood was referred to our urology clinic. An accurate investigation revealed a complete right ureteral duplication, with a dysplastic upper-pole renal moiety and an ectopic right ureter draining into the vagina. The patient underwent surgical exploration which confirmed the diagnosis. It was also possible to see a communication between renal moieties which allowed for a laparoscopic ligation and excision of the heterotopic right ureter. The patient had a good recovery, with a complete resolution of her complaints and a great improvement of her quality of life.A woman in her 60s with a history of lower extremity vascular disease presented with extreme pain and wounds in her legs which had kept her from walking for several weeks. The patient's pain became intolerable throughout her hospital stay despite multiple surgical revascularisations. Biopsy of the patient's calf wounds revealed evidence of calciphylaxis, a diagnosis which corresponds with this patient's extreme pain. Our patient had no history of end-stage renal disease.