Shearing granular materials induces nonaffine displacements. Such nonaffine displacements have been studied extensively, and are known to correlate with plasticity and other mechanical features of amorphous packings. A well known example is shear transformation zones as captured by the local deviation from affine deformation, D_min^2, and their relevance to failure and stress fluctuations. We analyze sheared frictional athermal disc packings and show that there exists at least one additional mesoscopic transport mechanism that superimposes itself on top of local diffusive motion. We evidence this second transport mechanism in a homogeneous system via a diffusion tensor analysis and show that the trace of the diffusion tensor equals the classic D_min^2 when this second mesoscopic transport is corrected for. The new transport mechanism is consistently observed over a wide range of volume fractions and even for particles with different friction coefficients and is consistently observed also upon shear reversal, hinting at its relevance for memory effects.We include the treatment of quadrupolar fields beyond the Fröhlich interaction in the first-principles electron-phonon vertex in semiconductors. Such quadrupolar fields induce long-range interactions that have to be taken into account for accurate physical results. We apply our formalism to Si (nonpolar), GaAs, and GaP (polar) and demonstrate that electron mobilities show large errors if dynamical quadrupoles are not properly treated.We study four-derivative corrections to four-dimensional N=2 minimal gauged supergravity controlled by two real constants. The solutions of the equations of motion in the two-derivative theory are not modified by the higher-derivative corrections. We use this to derive a general formula for the regularized on-shell action for any asymptotically locally AdS_4 solution of the theory and show how the higher-derivative corrections affect black hole thermodynamic quantities in a universal way. We employ our results in the context of holography to derive explicit expressions for the subleading corrections in the large N expansion of supersymmetric partition functions on various compact manifolds for a large class of three-dimensional SCFTs.We report on the observation of surface gravity-wave turbulence at scales larger than the forcing ones in a large basin. In addition to the downscale transfer usually reported in gravity-wave turbulence, an upscale transfer is observed, interpreted as the inverse cascade of weak turbulence theory. A steady state is achieved when the inverse cascade reaches a scale in between the forcing wavelength and the basin size, but far from the latter. This inverse cascade saturation, which depends on the wave steepness, is probably due to the emergence of nonlinear dissipative structures such as sharp-crested waves.Nonlinear self-guided propagation of intense long-wave infrared (LWIR) laser pulses is of significant recent interest, as it promises high power transmission without beam breakup and multifilamentation. Central to self-guiding is the mechanism for the arrest of self-focusing collapse. Here, we show that discrete avalanche sites centered on submicron aerosols can arrest self-focusing, providing a new mechanism for self-guided propagation of moderate intensity LWIR pulses in outdoor environments. Our conclusions are supported by simulations of LWIR pulse propagation using an effective index approach that incorporates the time-resolved plasma dynamics of discrete avalanche breakdown sites.We present a new optical effect that exchanges angular momentum between light and matter. The matter consists of an optically thick spherical, rigid agglomerate of magneto-optical scatterers placed in a homogeneous magnetic field. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/4egi-1.html The light comes from an unpolarized, coherent central light source. The photon Hall effect induces a spiraling Poynting vector, both inside and outside the medium. Optical orbital angular momentum leaks out and induces a torque proportional to the injection power of the source and the photon Hall angle.Equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations, in combination with the Green-Kubo (GK) method, have been extensively used to compute the thermal conductivity of liquids. However, the GK method relies on an ambiguous definition of the microscopic heat flux, which depends on how one chooses to distribute energies over atoms. This ambiguity makes it problematic to employ the GK method for systems with nonpairwise interactions. In this work, we show that the hydrodynamic description of thermally driven density fluctuations can be used to obtain the thermal conductivity of a bulk fluid unambiguously, thereby bypassing the need to define the heat flux. We verify that, for a model fluid with only pairwise interactions, our method yields estimates of thermal conductivity consistent with the GK approach. We apply our approach to compute the thermal conductivity of a nonpairwise additive water model at supercritical conditions, and of a liquid hydrogen system described by a machine-learning interatomic potential, at 33 GPa and 2000 K.Hydrodynamic attractors have recently gained prominence in the context of early stages of ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions at the RHIC and LHC. We critically examine the existing ideas on this subject from a phase space point of view. In this picture the hydrodynamic attractor can be seen as a special case of the more general phenomenon of dynamical dimensionality reduction of phase space regions. We quantify this using principal component analysis. Furthermore, we adapt the well known slow-roll approximation to this setting. These techniques generalize easily to higher dimensional phase spaces, which we illustrate by a preliminary analysis of a dataset describing the evolution of a five-dimensional manifold of initial conditions immersed in a 16-dimensional representation of the phase space of the Boltzmann kinetic equation in the relaxation time approximation.The energy band attraction (EBA) caused by the nonorthogonal eigenvectors is a unique phenomenon in the non-Hermitian (NH) system. However, restricted by the required tight-binding approximation and meticulously engineered complex potentials, such an effect has never been experimentally demonstrated before. Here by a suitable design of all-dielectric Mie resonators in a parallel-plate transmission line, we for the first time verify the photonic analog of the EBA effects both theoretically and experimentally. The evolution of the EBA effect in a two-level NH system from gapped bands to gapless bands to flat bands is observed by precisely tuning the loss of the Mie resonators. The transmission spectra can be theoretically connected to the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the NH Hamiltonian. Furthermore we extend our methods to a graphenelike two-dimensional NH system. Our works show a metamaterial approach toward NH topological photonics and foster a deeper understanding of band theory in open systems.