In this review, we summarize the historical background of EMFs applications and the main molecular mechanism involved in cellular remodelling, with particular attention to cytoskeleton elasticity and cell polarity, required for driving stem cell behavior.Eleven studies (N = 2,254; 2 preregistered) examined whether ostracism would trigger suicidal thoughts and whether perceived meaning in life would account for this effect. The feeling of ostracism was induced via recalling a past experience (Studies 1a, 1c, 2c, and 3b), imagining a future experience (Studies 1d, 1e, and 2b), engaging in an online real-time interaction (Studies 1b and 2d), or receiving bogus personality feedback (Study 3a). Across all 11 studies, ostracism increased suicidal thoughts. Study 1a found that ostracism increased implicit associations of "death" and "me" relative to "life" and "me" on the Implicit Association Test of Suicide (Nock et al., 2010). In Study 1b, ostracized participants showed more suicidal thoughts in imagined stressful situations than did included participants. Studies 1c, 1d, and 1e further showed that ostracism increased explicit suicidal thoughts compared with both inclusion and neutral experiences. Furthermore, we found that perceived meaning in life accounted for ostracism's effect on suicidal thoughts (Studies 2a and 2b), even after controlling for depressive affect (Study 2c). In Study 2d, a preregistered study, we directly compared the contributions of perceived meaning in life and the 4 basic needs and mood proposed in William's (2007, 2009) ostracism framework, and we found that perceived meaning in life had a distinct mediating role in the ostracism-suicidal thinking link. Finally, Studies 3a and 3b found that self-affirmation exercises reduced suicidal thoughts following ostracism. Life lacks meaning without social connection, thereby activating suicidal thoughts. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).People's risk preferences are thought to be central to many consequential real-life decisions, making it important to identify robust correlates of this construct. Various psychological theories have put forth a series of candidate correlates, yet the strength and robustness of their associations remain unclear because of disparate operationalizations of risk preference and analytic limitations in past research. We addressed these issues with a study involving several operationalizations of risk preference (all collected from each participant in a diverse sample of the German population; N = 916), and by adopting an exhaustive modeling approach-specification curve analysis. Our analyses of 6 candidate correlates (household income, sex, age, fluid intelligence, crystallized intelligence, years of education) suggest that sex and age have robust and consistent associations with risk preference, whereas the other candidate correlates show weaker and more (domain-) specific associations (except for crystallized intelligence, for which there were no robust associations). The results further demonstrate the important role of construct operationalization when assessing people's risk preferences Self-reported propensity measures picked up various associations with the proposed correlates, but (incentivized) behavioral measures largely failed to do so. In short, the associations between the 6 candidate correlates and risk preference depend mostly on how risk preference is measured, rather than whether and which control variables are included in the model specifications. The present findings inform several theories that have suggested candidate correlates of risk preference, and illustrate how personality research may profit from exhaustive modeling techniques to improve theory and measurement of essential constructs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with higher levels of alcohol use among returning veterans. Persistent PTSD symptoms can predict alcohol use over the span of hours, days, weeks, and months; however, knowledge of the strength of these associations beyond 1 year remains limited. In this study, we examined the 6-year course of co-occurring PTSD and alcohol use to explicate the directional and possible enduring effects of PTSD on alcohol use severity over time. Our study included 1,649 returning veterans (M age = 37.49; SD = 9.88) who completed 4 waves of data collection between 2010 and 2016. We used parallel process modeling to evaluate temporal associations between PTSD symptoms and alcohol use severity across 4 (T1-T4) waves of data collection. PTSD and alcohol use both decreased significantly between T1 and T4 and in tandem with one another. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/mdl-800.html That is, decreases in one were associated with decreases in the other. Further, individuals with higher levels of PTSD symptom severity at T1 reported accelerated rates of change regarding PTSD symptoms and alcohol use over time. Conversely, baseline alcohol use severity did not predict the rate of change in PTSD symptom severity. Our findings provide evidence of a prospective association between PTSD symptoms and alcohol use and highlight the potential for reciprocal associations between them over the span of years. Importantly, our demonstration of the natural course of co-occurring PTSD symptoms and alcohol use suggests further trauma-focused and combined intervention strategies are needed to disrupt this enduring and reciprocal pattern among returning veterans. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).Many efficacious interventions designed to reduce college student drinking aim to correct misperceptions of peers' drinking behavior. The present study tested the efficacy of a novel delivery strategy, namely text messages, for promoting promoderation descriptive and injunctive drinking norms. Participants included 121 college students who were randomly assigned to receive daily text messages containing accurate drinking norms (experimental group, n = 61) or historical facts (control group, n = 60) for 10 weeks following a baseline assessment. Participants completed 3-month postbaseline and 6-month postbaseline follow-up assessments. The 3-month assessment revealed that promoderation text messages were effective for reducing peak consumption and alcohol consequences. Changes in descriptive norms and injunctive norms aligned with these two behavioral outcomes. The intervention group reported perceiving others as drinking less on their heaviest drinking day and perceived others as being less approving of alcohol-related consequences than the control group.