Beliefs of pet owners strongly influence their decision-making surrounding their pets' diet. Thus, nutritional guidance is an essential component of veterinary practice and integral to managing rising rates of pet obesity. This study examined pet owners' trust of, perceived effectiveness of, and intentions to follow nutritional guidance received from their veterinarian in managing their pets' diet. A cross-sectional study of 1402 dog and cat owners in the USA and Canada was conducted using an online questionnaire tool. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression modelling. Clients are concerned about the effectiveness of veterinary nutrition recommendations. Cat owners were more likely than dog owners to consider the nutritional guidance they receive from veterinarians effective for their pets' diet (1.75, P=0.04). Length of pet ownership, feeding dry diets and frequency of veterinary visits were all positively associated with owners considering veterinary nutritional guidance to be effective in managing pets' diet. Identifying these perspectives can aid in developing strategies to provide nutrition support to pet owners to improve their perceptions of, self-efficacy with, and compliance with veterinary nutrition recommendations. Identifying these perspectives can aid in developing strategies to provide nutrition support to pet owners to improve their perceptions of, self-efficacy with, and compliance with veterinary nutrition recommendations. Antibodies to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) are associated with CNS demyelination inclusive of optic neuritis (ON) and transverse myelitis (TM). To examine whether peripheral nervous system (PNS) involvement is associated with MOG antibody-associated disorders (MOGAD), we performed detailed characterization of an Australasian MOGAD cohort. Using a live cell-based assay, we diagnosed 271 adults with MOGAD (2013-2018) and performed detailed clinical and immunologic characterization on those with likely PNS involvement. We identified 19 adults with MOGAD and PNS involvement without prior TM. All patients had CNS involvement including ON (bilateral [n = 3], unilateral [n = 3], and recurrent [n = 7]), a cortical lesion (n = 1), meningoencephalitis (n = 1), and subsequent TM (n = 4). Clinical phenotyping and neurophysiology were consistent with acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (n = 1), myeloradiculitis (n = 3), multifocal motor neuropathy (n = 1), brachial neuritis (n = 2), migrant with MOGAD and may be immunotherapy responsive. We identified a subgroup who may have pathology mediated by coexistent autoantibodies. Pediatric CNS tumors commonly present challenges for radiographic interpretation on conventional MR imaging. This study sought to investigate the safety and tolerability of hyperpolarized carbon-13 (HP- C) metabolic imaging in pediatric patients with brain tumors. Pediatric patients 3 to 18 years of age who were previously diagnosed with a brain tumor and could undergo MR imaging without sedation were eligible to enroll in this safety study of HP [1- C]pyruvate. Participants received a one-time injection of HP [1- C]pyruvate and were imaged using dynamic HP- C MR imaging. We assessed 2 dose levels 0.34 mL/kg and the highest tolerated adult dose of 0.43 mL/kg. Participants were monitored throughout imaging and for 60 minutes postinjection, including pre- and postinjection electrocardiograms and vital sign measurements. Between February 2017 and July 2019, ten participants (9 males; median age, 14 years; range, 10-17 years) were enrolled, of whom 6 completed injection of HP [1- C]pyruvate and dynamic HP- C MR imaging. Four participants failed to undergo HP- C MR imaging due to technical failures related to generating HP [1- C]pyruvate or MR imaging operability. HP [1- C]pyruvate was well-tolerated in all participants who completed the study, with no dose-limiting toxicities or adverse events observed at either 0.34 ( = 3) or 0.43 ( = 3) mL/kg. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/tauroursodeoxycholic-acid.html HP [1- C]pyruvate demonstrated characteristic conversion to [1- C]lactate and [ C]bicarbonate in the brain. Due to poor accrual, the study was closed after only 3 participants were enrolled at the highest dose level. Dynamic HP- C MR imaging was safely performed in 6 pediatric patients with CNS tumors and demonstrated HP [1- C]pyruvate brain metabolism. Dynamic HP-13C MR imaging was safely performed in 6 pediatric patients with CNS tumors and demonstrated HP [1-13C]pyruvate brain metabolism. Cerebellar tonsillar herniation arises frequently in syndromic craniosynostosis and causes central and obstructive apneas in other diseases through spinal cord compression. The purposes of this study were the following 1) to determine the prevalence of cervical spinal cord compression in syndromic craniosynostosis, and 2) to evaluate its connection with sleep-disordered breathing. This was a cross-sectional study including patients with syndromic craniosynostosis who underwent MR imaging and polysomnography. Measures encompassed the compression ratio at the level of the odontoid process and foramen magnum and the cervicomedullary angle. MR imaging studies of controls were included. Linear mixed models were developed to compare patients with syndromic craniosynostosis with controls and to evaluate the association between obstructive and central sleep apneas and MR imaging parameters. One hundred twenty-two MR imaging scans and polysomnographies in 89 patients were paired; 131 MR imaging scans in controlse would, nevertheless, recommend a polysomnography in case of compression on MR imaging studies. The prevalence of cervical spinal cord compression in syndromic craniosynostosis is low and is not correlated to sleep disturbances. However, considering the high prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in syndromic craniosynostosis and the low prevalence of compression and central sleep apnea in our study, we would, nevertheless, recommend a polysomnography in case of compression on MR imaging studies. The relationship between glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and intracranial atherosclerotic plaque features has remained understudied. This study aimed to investigate the association of type 2 diabetes mellitus and glycemic control with the characteristics of intracranial plaques using vessel wall MR imaging. In total, 311 patients (217 [69.8%] men; mean age, 63.24 ± 11.44 years) with intracranial atherosclerotic plaques detected on vessel wall MR imaging were enrolled and divided into 3 groups according to type 2 diabetes mellitus and glycemic control statuses the non-type 2 diabetes mellitus group, the type 2 diabetes mellitus with good glycemic control group, and the type 2 diabetes mellitus with poor glycemic control group. The imaging features of intracranial plaque were analyzed and compared among the groups. The clinical risk factors for atherosclerosis were also analyzed using logistic regression analysis. The plaque length and thickness were significantly higher in the type 2 diabetes mellitus with poor glycemic control group than in the non-type 2 diabetes mellitus group.