All clinical conclusions were satisfactory. CONCLUSION This external quality assessment workshop demonstrates that despite the different approaches taken to perform the clinical assays, fetal RHD genotyping is a reliable laboratory assay to guide targeted use of Rh prophylaxis in a clinical setting. © 2020 International Society of Blood Transfusion.BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE A mass casualty incident occurred in Christchurch in March 2019. Thirty-seven patients with gunshot wounds were admitted. We describe and analyse the transfusion management of these casualties. METHODS Data on demographics, injury and laboratory characteristics, and transfusions are summarized using descriptive statistics. Relationships between variables are examined using Pearson's and Spearman's rank correlations. Univariate analysis of explanatory variables is performed to determine the best early predictors of transfusion requirements. The characteristics of massive transfusion and non-massive transfusion cases are compared using the t- and Mann-Whitney tests. RESULTS Sixty-five per cent received transfusions. Initial Hb, platelet counts and clotting results were mostly normal. On average, each gunshot wound patient was transfused 4, 3·1, 1·2 and 0·4 units of RBC, FFP, cryoprecipitate and platelets, respectively, on the day. Base excess was the single best predictor of transfusion requirements. CONCLUSIONS A greater proportion of those with gunshot wounds in this incident were transfused than in other such incidents. Transfusion requirements for patients varied but were generally modest. Blood component transfusion ratios were close to that recommended. The role of base excess as a predictor of transfusion requirements in patients with similar injuries needs more study. © 2020 International Society of Blood Transfusion.Spontaneously regressing infantile haemangiomas and aggressive angiosarcomas are vascular tumours with excessive angiogenesis. When analysing haemangiomas and angiosarcomas immunohistochemically with respect to their chaperone profiles we found that angiosarcomas have significantly elevated protein levels of BiP and PERK with concomitant attenuated IRE1α levels while haemangioma tissue exhibits the same pattern as embryonal skin tissue. We show that BiP is essential for the maintenance of VEGFR2 protein, which is expressed in endothelium of both tumour types. When studying the effects of BiP, the IRE1α/Xbp1 -, and PERK/ATF4-signalling pathways on migration and tube-forming potential of endothelial cells we show that downregulation of BiP, as well as inhibition of the kinase activity of IRE1α, inhibit in vitro angiogenesis. Downregulation of PERK levels promotes Xbp1 splicing in ER-stressed cells, indicating that in angiosarcoma the elevated PERK levels might result in high levels of unspliced Xbp1, which have been reported to promote cell proliferation and increase tumour malignancy. The data presented in this study revealed that besides BiP or PERK, the kinase domain of IRE1α and Xbp1 could be potential targets for the development of novel therapeutic approaches for treating angiosarcomas and to control tumour angiogenesis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.PURPOSES/OBJECTIVES Few tools assess the dental school clinical learning environment from students' perspectives. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/AZ-960.html Considering previous efforts to validate the Dental Education Clinical Learning Instrument (DECLEI) in the United States, the goal of this study was to look for the fewest number of items that accounted for the most amount of variability in responses and/or had the highest correlation to the total DECLEI score using a larger, multi-center sample. METHODS The DECLEI was distributed to 286 students in two dental schools (University of Iowa and University of Texas at Houston) during the 2017-2018 academic year. Two alternative methods were applied. In the first approach, all 24-items were regressed on the total composite score using a forward conditional method. In the second approach, the item-total correlation for the full scale was calculated and then items with relatively poor coefficients were eliminated. A cutoff of 0.30 or less was used. RESULTS The first approach, Total R2 by Regression Model, produced a 9-item scale accounting for 90% of the variance in total score and a Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.79. The second approach, Item-Total Correlation, produced a larger scale (20 items), as well as a higher Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.89. The instrument also presented appropriate sensitivity to measure differences between race groups and school of origin. CONCLUSION DECLEI may have the potential to be used as an instrument to measure clinical learning environments for U.S. dental students using either a smaller, concise scale (Mini DECLEI-USA) or a larger (DECLEI-USA), more thorough scale. © 2020 American Dental Education Association.OBJECTIVE The aim of the study is to evaluate saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of suPAR and galectin-1 in different periodontal health status and relationship between these molecules and TNF-α to understand the roles of these molecules in periodontal inflammation process. BACKGROUND Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) has been described as a biological marker of inflammation and immunological activation. Galectin-1, a member of the galectin family, is an anti-inflammatory cytokine. However, to date, levels of these two molecules in periodontal health and disease have not been well documented. METHODS A total of 60 individuals, 20 with chronic periodontitis (group P), 20 with gingivitis (group G), and 20 with healthy periodontium (group H) were recruited for this study. Full-mouth clinical periodontal measurements were recorded in periodontal charts. GCF and whole saliva samples were collected to determine the levels of suPAR, galectin-1, and TNF-α in study groups using enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. RESULTS The GCF total amount of suPAR, galectin-1, and TNF-α in GCF was similar in group P and G (P > .05). The GCF total amounts of these molecules in GCF were higher in the group G and P compared to the group H (P  .05). CONCLUSION Increased levels of GCF suPAR, galectin-1, and saliva suPAR in periodontal disease suggest that these molecules may play a role in the periodontal inflammation. suPAR and galectin-1 may be considered as potential biomarkers in periodontal disease. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.