Significantly (p  less then  0.05) lower Heterophil to lymphocyte (HL) ratio was observed in MLE90 and MLE120 compared to the negative control. Significantly (p  less then  0.05) lower blood glucose concentration and significantly (p  less then  0.05) higher mean serum protein value were found in MLE120. The MLE120 showed significantly (p  less then  0.05) lower concentration of malanodialdehyde (MDA). It was concluded that M. oleifera leaf extract supplementation at the concentration of 120 mL/L of drinking water improved carcass yield, immunity, blood metabolites and reduced lipid peroxidation in broiler chicks.HighlightsMoringa improved the carcass yield of broilerMoringa is an excellent immune potentiating agent in broilerMoringa enhanced the antioxidant potential of broiler. To determine the COVID 19 related maternal deaths among South African pregnant women at Ekurhuleni health district in South Africa and to compare with similar studies. Retrospective review of all maternal deaths from all health care facilities from April to September 2020 were conducted using COVID registers and maternity case records. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/sanguinarine-chloride.html Human Research Ethics Committee of the University of Witwatersrand approved the study. Data included total live births, maternal mortality ratio (MMR), age, ethnicity, place of admission, parity, pregnancy status, antenatal complications, gestational age (GA) at delivery, GA at COVID 19 diagnosis, GA at death, symptoms, comorbidity, investigations (HIV, platelets, lymphocytes and LDH), and fetal outcome. Descriptive statistics (mean ± standard deviation, number and percentages) were calculated. Six women died from COVID. All were African. Mean age was 33.5 (SD ± 4.3) years majority (83%) were multiparous. The mean GA at the time of diagnosis was 35 (± 5.8) weeks. All had e to COVID among South African women. COVID 19 is a novel cause of maternal death that has increased the death rate among South African pregnant women. Hypertensive women are at increased risk of death. They should be routinely tested for COVID. Women are at risk of death during the third trimester of pregnancy. High rate of stillborn is a concern. Decision to deliver earlier should be an option. High HIV rate and LDH count should alert health care workers to perform these tests among all COVID positive mothers.Background Low Back Pain Knowledge Questionnaire (LBP_KQ) was originally developed and validated for English speakers but not yet available for Arabic speakers.Purpose To translate, cross-culturally adapt, and test the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the LBP_KQ.Methods Translation and cross-cultural adaptation were performed according to recommended guidelines. Construct validity was assessed through principal component analysis, and contrasted groups including physical therapists, nurses, and patients with low back pain. Concurrent validity was assessed by the correlation of LBP_KQ with the fear avoidance-belief questionnaire and depression, anxiety, and stress scale. Reliability was assessed using internal consistency (Cronbach's α) and test-retest reliability using intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman analyses. Sensitivity to change was measured by comparing an educational intervention group (IG) and a control group (CG).Results The questionnaire has four components. Physical therapists had significantly (p less then .001) higher LBP_KQ scores than nurses and patients indicating good construct validity. There was a significant correlation between LBP_KQ and fear avoidance-belief questionnaire total score (r = 0.200, p = .04), depression score (r = -0.219, p = .024), anxiety score (r = -0.251, p less then .01), stress score (r = -0.199, p less then .041). Cronbach's α was 0.662, and ICC (2,1) was 0.760 which reflects good reliability. There was a significant difference in LBP_KQ scores between IG and CG (p less then .001) indicating sensitivity to change.Conclusion The Arabic version of LBP_KQ is valid, reliable, and sensitive to change.Micronuclei are constantly considered as a marker of genome instability and very recently found to be a trigger of innate immune responses. An increased frequency of micronuclei is associated with many diseases, but the mechanism underlying the regulation of micronuclei homeostasis remains largely unknown. Here, we report that CGAS (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase), a known regulator of DNA sensing and DNA repair, reduces the abundance of micronuclei under genotoxic stress in an autophagy-dependent manner. CGAS accumulates in the autophagic machinery and directly interacts with MAP1LC3B/LC3B in a manner dependent upon its MAP1LC3-interacting region (LIR). Importantly, the interaction is essential for MAP1LC3 recruitment to micronuclei and subsequent clearance of micronuclei via autophagy (micronucleophagy) in response to genotoxic stress. Moreover, in contrast to its DNA sensing function to activate micronuclei-driven inflammation, CGAS-mediated micronucleophagy blunts the production of cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) induced by genotoxic stress. We therefore conclude that CGAS is a receptor for the selective autophagic clearance of micronuclei and uncovered an unprecedented role of CGAS in micronuclei homeostasis to dampen innate immune surveillance.Slow drift rate has become one of the most salient cognitive deficits among children with ADHD, and has repeatedly been found to explain slow, variable, and error-prone performance on tasks of executive functioning (EF). The present study applies the diffusion model to determine whether slow drift rate better predicts parent and teacher ratings of ADHD than standard EF metrics. 201 children aged 8-12 completed two tests of speeded decision-making analyzed with the diffusion model and two traditionally scored tests of EF. Latent EF and drift rate factors each independently predicted the general ADHD factor in a bifactor model of ADHD, with poor EF and slow drift rate associated with greater ADHD symptomology. When both EF and drift rate were entered into the model, slow drift rate (but not EF) continued to predict elevated symptomology. These findings suggest that using drift rate to index task performance improves upon conventional approaches to measuring and conceptualizing cognitive dysfunction in ADHD. Implications for future cognitive research in ADHD are discussed.