Introduction Radiotherapy is an important therapeutic strategy in the management of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In recent decades, technological implementations and the introduction of image guided radiotherapy (IGRT) have significantly increased the accuracy and tolerability of radiation therapy.Area covered In this review, we provide an overview of technological opportunities and future prospects in NSCLC management.Expert opinion Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is now considered the standard approach in patients ineligible for surgery, while in operable cases, it is still under debate. Additionally, in combination with systemic treatment, SBRT is an innovative option for managing oligometastatic patients and features encouraging initial results in clinical outcomes. To date, in inoperable locally advanced NSCLC, the radical dose prescription has not changed (60 Gy in 30 fractions), despite the median overall survival progressively increasing. These results arise from technological improvements in precisely hitting target treatment volumes and organ at risk sparing, which are associated with better treatment qualities. Finally, for the management of NSCLC, proton and carbon ion therapies and the recent development of MR-Linac are new, intriguing technological approaches under investigation.Objectives Different microorganisms contribute in the pregnancy bacteriuria, which resistance microorganisms limited the therapeutic options for the treatment and increasing the related risks to pregnant women and their pregnancy. Based on this, asymptomatic bacteriuria and the use of inappropriate empirical antibiotics are dangerous in the emergence of pregnancy complications and the incidence of drug resistant.Methods A comprehensive systematic search was performed on all international databases including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Cochrane library during 2000 - June 2019. This meta-analysis, which was registered by a pre-defined protocol in PROSPRO, carried out in accordance with PRISMA guideline. Relevant articles were included in the analysis if reported the susceptibility pattern of antimicrobial resistance related to asymptomatic bacteria in pregnant women with no acute diseases. Overall prevalence and related 95% confidence interval for resistance in different asymptomatic infections were estimated by inverse variance method. The random effect model was used in case of considerable heterogeneity.Results Results of this analysis demonstrated different resistance rate against studied classes of antibiotics. Nitrofurantoin resistance in E. coli, Klebsiella sp, P. aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus isolates were estimated 0.22 (95%CI 0.15-0.30), 0.40 (95%CI 0.26-0.54), 0.81 (95%CI 0.59-0.97), 0.34 (0.11-0.63), respectively. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/hsp27-inhibitor-j2.html Subgroups analysis showed highest resistance in E. coli isolates, in Asia and Africa against Cefotaxime and Ampicillin, respectively.Conclusion In summary, increasing resistance rate in urinary tract infection (UTI)-related agents is a risk factor that endangers both mother and fetus. Health care providers should consider screening as the radical part of infection control strategies. Due to low resistance rate to Nitrofurantoin, this drug can be a good choice for UTI treatment in pregnancies, but it should use with caution.Introduction Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is required for coronary artery disease treated with drug-eluting stents (DES) implantation. Shortening DAPT duration would be beneficial for patients with high bleeding risk.Areas covered Early healing patterns, especially stent strut coverage, assessed by optical coherence tomography (OCT) as a surrogate of neointima have been investigated to make decisions on whether short DAPT would be a safe alternative. This review evaluates the OCT evidence (i.e. neointimal coverage of stent struts within 3 months) for shortening DAPT duration after DES implantation.Expert commentary Shortening DAPT (i.e. within 3 months) duration after DES implantation might reduce complications including bleeding without increasing stent thrombosis. However, the optimal duration of DAPT after DES implantation is under discussion. Long-term assessment of short DAPT is required for the decision of the new guidelines regarding the recommended duration of DAPT.Background/objectives This study aims to analyze the positive outcomes observed in cardiovascular outcomes trials conducted with sodium-glucose co-transporter inhibitors and determine their statistical and clinical significance.Methods A literature search conducted using the Cochrane library resulted in five citations - randomized controlled trials (RCTs), identified for analysis. Positive cardio-renal outcomes from the five RCTs were analyzed in accordance with a pre-defined strategy which included the hierarchical flow chart, presence of a persuasive p-value (p  less then  0.001), and number needed to treat (NNT) estimation calculated from the absolute risk reduction (ARR) reported.Results Only four instances fulfilled these stringent criteria - reduction of cardiovascular (CV) death with empagliflozin in T2DM patients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (eASCVD) (p  less then  0.001; NNT 45), reduction in cardiorenal outcomes with canagliflozin in a pooled T2DM population with macroalbuminuria (p  less then  0.00001; NNT 22), as well as reduction in the composite of CV death or hospitalization for heart failure (hHF) (p  less then  0.001; NNT 30) and also reduction in hHF or CV death with dapagliflozin in T2DM with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) (p  less then  0.001; NNT 21).Conclusions Statistically positive outcome results must be interpreted in the context of associated clinical benefits and not in isolation.Introduction Pharmaceutical research and development (R&D) is costly and only a minority of patients can access innovative medicines due to affordability constraints. Value-added medicines (VAMs) can offer potential benefits at significantly lower R&D costs.Areas covered VAMs may address different health care needs and problems, including off-label use of medicines, poor patient adherence, problems related to polypharmacy, need for home and/or personalized health care services. However, several barriers prevent societies from maximizing the benefits of incremental innovation related to VAMs. Generic manufacturers have limited budget and experience to demonstrate the value of new VAMs. Current market exclusivity options do not efficiently exclude freeridership and do not guarantee a return on investment for VAM innovators. Value propositions of VAMs are limitedly consistent with current HTA frameworks, consequently, incremental innovation is not acknowledged, nor rewarded with differential pricing by payers. Moreover, VAMs are often perceived solely as generic medicines by prescribers.