Sadoff J, Gray G, Vandebosch A, et al. N Engl J Med. 2021. [Epub ahead of print.] 33882225. Sadoff J, Gray G, Vandebosch A, et al. Safety and efficacy of single-dose Ad26.COV2.S vaccine against Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2021. [Epub ahead of print.] 33882225. Pilonis ND, Bugajski M, Wieszczy P, et al. Gastroenterology. 2021;1601097-105. 33307024. Pilonis ND, Bugajski M, Wieszczy P, et al. Participation in competing strategies for colorectal cancer screening a randomized health services study (PICCOLINO study). Gastroenterology. 2021;1601097-105. 33307024. Ducrocq G, Gonzalez-Juanatey JR, Puymirat E, et al. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/glecirasib.html JAMA. 2021;325552-60. 33560322. Ducrocq G, Gonzalez-Juanatey JR, Puymirat E, et al. Effect of a restrictive vs liberal blood transfusion strategy on major cardiovascular events among patients with acute myocardial infarction and anemia the REALITY randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2021;325552-60. 33560322. Bureau C, Thabut D, Jezequel C, et al. Ann Intern Med. 2021;174633-40. 33524293. Bureau C, Thabut D, Jezequel C, et al. The use of rifaximin in the prevention of overt hepatic encephalopathy after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt a randomized controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2021;174633-40. 33524293. Jayne DRW, Merkel PA, Schall TJ, et al. N Engl J Med. 2021;384599-609. 33596356. Jayne DRW, Merkel PA, Schall TJ, et al. Avacopan for the treatment of ANCA-associated vasculitis. N Engl J Med. 2021;384599-609. 33596356. Understanding advances in the care and treatment of adults with HIV as well as remaining gaps requires comparing differences in mortality between persons entering care for HIV and the general population. To assess the extent to which mortality among persons entering HIV care in the United States is elevated over mortality among matched persons in the general U.S. population and trends in this difference over time. Observational cohort study. Thirteen sites from the U.S. North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design. 82766 adults entering HIV clinical care between 1999 and 2017 and a subset of the U.S. population matched on calendar time, age, sex, race/ethnicity, and county using U.S. mortality and population data compiled by the National Center for Health Statistics. Five-year all-cause mortality, estimated using the Kaplan-Meier estimator of the survival function. Overall 5-year mortality among persons entering HIV care was 10.6%, and mortality among the matched U.S. population was 2.9%, for a difference of 7.7 (95% CI, 7.4 to 7.9) percentage points. This difference decreased over time, from 11.1 percentage points among those entering care between 1999 and 2004 to 2.7 percentage points among those entering care between 2011 and 2017. Matching on available covariates may have failed to account for differences in mortality that were due to sociodemographic factors rather than consequences of HIV infection and other modifiable factors. Mortality among persons entering HIV care decreased dramatically between 1999 and 2017, although those entering care remained at modestly higher risk for death in the years after starting care than comparable persons in the general U.S. population. National Institutes of Health. National Institutes of Health. Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) have vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs). Infusion centers (ICs) are alternatives to emergency department (ED) care and may improve patient outcomes. To assess whether care in ICs or EDs leads to better outcomes for the treatment of uncomplicated VOCs. Prospective cohort. (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02411396). 4 U.S. sites, with recruitment between April 2015 and December 2016. Adults with SCD living within 60 miles of a study site. Participants were followed for 18 months after enrollment. Outcomes of interest were time to first dose of parenteral pain medication, whether pain reassessment was completed within 30 minutes after the first dose, and patient disposition on discharge from the acute care visit. Treatment effects for ICs versus EDs were estimated using a time-varying propensity score adjustment. Researchers enrolled 483 participants; the 269 who had acute care visits on weekdays are included in this report. With inverse probability of treatment-weighted adjustment, the mean time to first dose was 62 minutes in ICs and 132 minutes in EDs; the difference was 70 minutes (95% CI, 54 to 98 minutes; E-value, 2.8). The probability of pain reassessment within 30 minutes of the first dose of parenteral pain medication was 3.8 times greater (CI, 2.63 to 5.64 times greater; E-value, 4.7) in the IC than the ED. The probability that a participant's visit would end in admission to the hospital was smaller by a factor of 4 (0.25 [CI, 0.18 to 0.33]) with treatment in an IC versus an ED. The study was restricted to participants with uncomplicated VOCs. In adults with SCD having a VOC, treatment in an IC is associated with substantially better outcomes than treatment in an ED. Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute. Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute. Wilding JPH, Batterham RL, Calanna S, et al. N Engl J Med. 2021;384989. 33567185. Wilding JPH, Batterham RL, Calanna S, et al. Once-weekly semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity. N Engl J Med. 2021;384989. 33567185. Several U.S. hospitals had surges in COVID-19 caseload, but their effect on COVID-19 survival rates remains unclear, especially independent of temporal changes in survival. To determine the association between hospitals' severity-weighted COVID-19 caseload and COVID-19 mortality risk and identify effect modifiers of this relationship. Retrospective cohort study. (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04688372). 558 U.S. hospitals in the Premier Healthcare Database. Adult COVID-19-coded inpatients admitted from March to August 2020 with discharge dispositions by October 2020. Each hospital-month was stratified by percentile rank on a surge index (a severity-weighted measure of COVID-19 caseload relative to pre-COVID-19 bed capacity). The effect of surge index on risk-adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of in-hospital mortality or discharge to hospice was calculated using hierarchical modeling; interaction by surge attributes was assessed. Of 144116 inpatients with COVID-19 at 558 U.S. hospitals, 78144 (54.2%) were admitted to hospitals in the top surge index decile.