A total of 53 (58.2 %) patients survived while 38(41.8 %) patients succumbed. Delay in presentation to hospital, intracranial extension and loss of vision at presentation adversely affected the outcome (p < 0.05). Aggressive surgical management in the form of multiple debridements was superior to single debridement (p < 0.05). Diabetic ketoacidosis did not significantly affect the outcome (p = 0.359). ROCM in patients with diabetes mellitus, is a rapidly progressive disease with a high fatality rate and grave outcome unless diagnosed early and managed aggressively. ROCM in patients with diabetes mellitus, is a rapidly progressive disease with a high fatality rate and grave outcome unless diagnosed early and managed aggressively. Using chemical agents to cure diabetes mellitus and its complications may be accompanied by complications. New natural agents, such as spirulina and chlorella, could be used as alternative choices in this case. 65 male Wistar rats were allocated to 5 groups A (healthy control), B (diabetic rats with a normal diet), C (diabetic rats supplemented with 50g/kg/day spirulina), D (diabetic rats supplemented with 50g/kg/day chlorella) and E (diabetic rats supplemented with 25g/kg/day chlorella and 25g/kg/day spirulina). After 21days, wounds were inflicted on the back of rats. Assessment of blood sugar (BS), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), granulation tissue formation, vascularization, epithelialization, and percentage of wound healing were determined along with macroscopic examinations. The microscopic changes at days 3, 7, 14, and 21 showed significant evidence of improved angiogenesis, epithelial proliferation, and granulation tissue formation in the spirulina and chlorella treated rats compared with the controls (p˂0.05). Both spirulina and chlorella treatments of diabetic rats resulted in a significant reduction in BS and weight (p˂0.05), but VEGF and hs-CRP levels did not significantly change (  > 0.05). Percentage of wound healing was 100% on day 21 in all groups, except the control group B (97.8 ± 1.15%). The results of this study showed that supplementation with spirulina and chlorella alone and combined could improve wound healing indices in diabetic rats and could therefore be recommended for the management of diabetic ulcer. The results of this study showed that supplementation with spirulina and chlorella alone and combined could improve wound healing indices in diabetic rats and could therefore be recommended for the management of diabetic ulcer. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) affects up to 50 % diabetic patients. Moreover, uncontrolled diabetes associated with impaired wound healing. The present study was aimed at exploring the effect of apple peel extract (APE) on type 2 diabetes (T2D)-induced DPN and delayed wound healing. In adult male Sprague-Dawley rats on high-fat diet, a single low dose streptozotocin (STZ, 35mg/kg) was administeredvia intraperitoneal route to induce T2D. Plantar test using Hargreaves apparatus was used to evaluate the DPN. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ABT-888.html Six different groups of rats were treated orally with saline (naïve control and DPN control), APE (100, 200 and 400mg/kg) and gabapentin (30mg/kg) daily for 7 consecutive days and thermal paw withdrawal latency (PWL) was measured. To elucidate the underlying antioxidant effect of APE, the catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) and malonaldehyde (MDA) levels were measured. To evaluate the wound healing potential of APE, excision ischemic open wound model was used. Six different groups of rats were applierapeutic intervention for the management of DPN and delayed wound healing in the diabetic condition. On the basis of the findings, we conclude that APE has a potential to be used as a therapeutic intervention for the management of DPN and delayed wound healing in the diabetic condition. Mutation in various regions of the adiponectin (ADIPOQ) gene is described to be associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Our aim was to investigate the association between rs1501299 (SNP + 276G > T) and rs266729 (SNP-11377 C > G) polymorphisms of ADIPOQ gene and susceptibility to T2D in an Iranian population. This is a case-control study. A total of 210 subjects including 100 patients with T2D and 110 healthy controls were selected from an Iranian population. SNP-11377 C > G and SNP + 276G > T polymorphisms were investigated using the Tetra ARMS-PCR method. The genotypes frequency of the SNP-11377 C > G polymorphism (  = 0.21) and SNP + 276G > T polymorphism (  = 0.10) were in agreement with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The genotype and allele frequencies for rs266729 polymorphism showed a significant difference between the T2D and control groups. Further, the frequencies of the genotypes of GG (OR = 2.43,  = 0.031), GG + GG (OR = 2.11,  < 0.01) and G allele (OR = 1.6,  = 0.041) in SNP-11377 C > G polymorphism was significantly associated with an increased risk of T2D compared to control group. While, there was no significant association between the different genotypes of SNP + 276G > T polymorphism and the risk of T2D in an Iranian population. The circulating adiponectin level in T2D subjects had significant difference compared to the control group in rs266729 polymorphism. We concluded that ADIPOQ rs266729 (SNP-11377 C > G) gene polymorphism but no rs1501299 is associated with increased risk of T2D in our population.  G) gene polymorphism but no rs1501299 is associated with increased risk of T2D in our population. Infertility is one of the systemic problems in diabetic men. The purpose of the present study is investigation of the effects of the ( ) hydro-alcoholic extract on the reproductive system damages in diabetic male rats. Twenty four male rats were randomly assigned into 4 groups (  = 6); i.e., control, diabetic control, and diabetic rats treated orally with extract (200 and 500mgkg ). A single dose (60mgkg-1) of streptozotocin (STZ) was injected intraperitoneally (IP) to induce diabetes. After 8weeks of treatment, blood samples, testis, and cauda epididymis were excised to evaluate specific hormonal changes, sperm parameters, and testis morphology. Diabetic control rats showed remarkably lower body and testicular weights, testicular volumes, and sperm parameters compared with the control group ( <0.05). Diabetic control rats also exhibited significantly decreased serum testosterone and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Sperm parameters were considerably enhanced in diabetic animals gavaged with extract.