7 months. Many differences were found regarding the design of the studies, patient's selection, surgical procedures, and instrumental and clinical evaluations. No statistically significant differences were found in clinical outcome scores between patients that underwent rotator cuff repair in association with distal clavicular resection and patients with isolated rotator cuff repair. Conclusion  Results of this scoping review underline a lack of evidence-based recommendations about the management of ACJ osteoarthritis in association with arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Surgical procedures such as distal clavicle resection (DCR) should be performed carefully in this cohort of patients. More prospective randomized studies are needed to reach a consensus about the correct surgical approach to DCR in patients with signs of ACJ osteoarthritis and rotator cuff tears. Level of Evidence  Level III.Purpose  To answer the question whether bilateral reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) is a safe and effective treatment which results in satisfactory clinical and functional outcomes with low complications rates. A second question to be answered was what is the quality of the evidence of the already published studies which investigate the use of bilateral RTSA? Methods  Two reviewers independently conducted a systematic search according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses using the MEDLINE/PubMed database and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. These databases were queried with the terms "reverse" AND "total" AND "shoulder" AND "arthroplasty" AND "clinical." Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data. Results  From the 394 initial studies we finally selected and assessed 6 clinical studies which were eligible to our inclusion-exclusion criteria. The aforementioned studies included in total 203 patients (69% females; mean age range 67.1-75 years; mean follow-up range 12-61 months). From those, 168 patients underwent staged bilateral RTSA (mean duration between first and second operation range 8-21.6 months) and the rest of them a unilateral RTSA as controlled treatment. Almost all mean clinical and functional scores, which were used to assess the therapeutic value of bilateral RTSA, depicted significant postoperative improvement in comparison with the mean preoperative values. The modified Coleman methodology score, which was used to assess the quality of the studies, ranged from a minimum of 36/100 to a maximum of 55/100. Conclusion  Despite the lack of high-quality evidence, staged bilateral RTSA seems to be a safe and effective procedure for patients with cuff tear arthropathy, which results in significantly improved clinical and functional outcomes and low reoperations' rates. Level of Evidence  Systematic review of level III-IV therapeutic studies.Purpose  The aim of this article is to illustrate the recent framework necessary to standardize studies on groin pain and review the existing literature on groin pain in football. Methods  The common pathological processes underlying groin pain such as muscle, tendon or ligament strain, bone injury or fracture, sport hernia, bursitis, osteitis pubis, and hip-related diseases have been reviewed and current management options have been considered. Results  Groin pain is considered a pain in pubic or lower abdominal or adductors region which can be monolateral or bilateral. It is common in high-intensity team sports and can negatively affect an athlete's professional carrier, causing serious disruption in the performance. Despite a high prevalence of groin pain in athletes, diagnosis and management of the underlying pathological processes remain a challenge for surgeons, radiologists, and physiotherapists alike. Conclusion  A multidisciplinary approach is essential for patients with groin pain allowing prompt diagnosis and initiation of treatment thus facilitating more rapid return to play and preventing potential long-term sequelae of chronic groin pathology.Purpose  The aim of this prospective study was to assess the effectiveness in terms of pain relief and functional improvement of the Subchondroplasty procedure in the treatment of osteoarthritis-related bone marrow lesions (BMLs) of the knee. Methods  The study included first 15 consecutive patients undergone to Subchondroplasty procedure for the treatment of chronic degenerative BMLs in which previous conservative treatment have failed. Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Scores (KOOS), and visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores were obtained preoperatively and at 1, 6, and 12 months of follow-up. Results  WOMAC scores significantly improved from 39.7 ± 20.2 before surgery to 26.8 ± 16.1 at the 1-month follow-up ( p  = 0.045). A further significant improvement to 15.5 ± 12.7 ( p  = 0.02) and to 8.6 ± 3.1 ( p   less then  0.01) was obtained both at 6-month and at 1-year follow-up. KOOS scores improved significantly from 47.5 ± 16.6 before surgery to 65.4 ± 14.9 at 1 month ( p  = 0.013) and to 80.4 ± 15.1 at 6-month follow-up ( p  = 0.01). A further improvement to 85.6 ± 15.1 was recorded 1 year postoperatively, although nonsignificant. VAS score showed a significant improvement from 55.8 ± 20.5 preoperatively to 36.2 ± 16.9 at 1 month ( p  = 0.008) and to 18.2 ± 17.3 at 6-month follow-up ( p  = 0.005). This further improved to 12.8 ± 17.9 at 1-year follow-up, although not significantly. Conclusion  Subchondroplasty procedure represents a safe and valid surgical option in the treatment of osteoarthritis-related BMLs of the knee, providing an improvement in terms of pain relief and functional recovery. Longer studies are required to evaluate how long these improvements may last. Level of Evidence  Therapeutic case-series, Level IV study.Objectives  Shoulder stiffness is a condition of restricted glenohumeral range of motion (ROM), which can arise spontaneously or as consequence of a known cause. Several treatment options are available and currently no consensus has been obtained on which treatment algorithm represents the best choice for the patient. The aim of this study was to investigate surgeon practice patterns in Italy regarding treatment of primary shoulder stiffness. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/crcd2.html Methods  A literature review was performed to identify randomized controlled trials reporting results of shoulder stiffness treatment. The following controversial or critical points in the treatment of primary shoulder stiffness were identified modalities of physical therapy; indication for oral corticosteroid; indication and frequency for injective corticosteroid; technique and site of injection; and indication, timing, and technique for surgery. A survey composed by 14 questions was created and administrated to the members of a national association specialized in orthopaedics and sports traumatology (SIGASCOT at the time of survey completion, recently renamed SIAGASCOT after the fusion of the societies SIGASCOT and SIA).