There are complex interrelationships between plant microorganisms (phyllosphere and rhizosphere) and host plants, which can promote plant growth and enhance the tolerance of host plants to stress. In this study, we selected the dominant species Bothriochloa ischaemum as the research subject in a copper tailings dam. Using high-throughput sequencing, we investigated the structures of the fungal communities and diversities in the phyllosphere and rhizosphere of B. ischaemum. This study also explored the effects of heavy metal content on fungal community characteristics. The results showed that Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant phyla in the phyllosphere and rhizosphere of B. ischaemum. The diversities and richness of the rhizosphere fungal community were higher than that of the phyllosphere fungal community. The diversities of rhizosphere and phyllosphere fungal communities was affected by different heavy metals. Phyllosphere fungal diversity was mainly affected by the content of Zn and Cu in leaves, and the content of Pb in roots was the key factor affecting the diversity of the rhizophere fungal community. Furthermore, Pleosporaceae had a very significant positive correlation with Cd in the phyllosphere, and Nectriaceae had a significant positive correlation with Zn in the rhizosphere. These fungal communities could be used as indicators of ecological recovery in areas with heavy metal pollution. The results could provide an ecological basis for the exploration and utilization of phyllosphere or rhizosphere fungi resources during ecological restoration processes. This study also provides guidance for selecting the plant-microbial symbionts during ecological restoration in areas with heavy metal pollution.To explore the effects of biochar on the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration and microbial community structure, the soil was subjected to an indoor culture test under two major treatments which were control (CK) and the addition of 3% (mass ratio) biochar (BC). Each major treatment contained four temperature conditions. We analyzed the changes in soil CO2 emission, the content of different soil organic carbon, and the characteristics of the soil bacterial community. The results showed that①The input of biochar to soil respiration under various temperature conditions was promoted in the early stage and inhibited in the later stage, and after 14 days of cultivation, the input of biochar significantly reduced the temperature sensitivity Q10 values of soil respiration. ② For soil organic carbon fractions, the decline rate of the content of soil inert organic carbon under the CK treatment increased with increasing temperature, and was sensitive to the changes in temperature. However, the input of biochar srganic carbon, and the change in the relative abundance of Massilia and Haliangium after the input of biochar.Ammonia volatilization is one of the major paths of nitrogen (N) loss and may exert a substantial impact on air quality. This study aims to explore the effects of nitrogen (N) fertilizer types, fertilization rate, and application timing and gas collection method on NH3 volatilization during the maize season in Northern China. This study collected the publications on the NH3 volatilization from maize farming which were conducted in Northern China from 1980 to 2018, and undertook a systematic analysis. The study found that with the increase of N rate, the total and net NH3 volatilization at the basal and topdressing fertilization stages increased at exponential and power function, respectively. When the ratio of basal/topdressing N rate was 1/1, the total and net NH3 volatilization during the topdressing stage (58.4% of the whole season emission) was significantly higher than that in the basal fertilization stage (41.6%) (P297 kg·hm-2). There is a significant difference between the NH3 volatilization measured by the venting method and the sponge absorption method, and the data from the venting method are more stable (P less then 0.01). Compared with conventional urea, slow-release urea may reduce NH3 volatilization by 20% to 50%. Control fertilizer N rate at the topdressing stage is more efficient in reducing the NH3 volatilization from maize production in Northern China, and the venting method is more suitable for the quantification of NH3 volatilization than the sponge absorption method under a high rate of fertilizer N.In this study, a continuous rape-rice rotation plot experiment was conducted over three years. Repair materials were continuously applied in the first two years, and no repair materials were applied in the second year. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/sp2509.html The repair effects of hydroxyapatite, lime, biochar, bio-organic fertilizer, and nano-materials on copper contaminated soil and the enrichment of copper in different parts of rape and rice were investigated. The results show that hydroxyapatite, lime, and nanomaterials can significantly increase soil pH, and different restoration materials can effectively inhibit the movement of soil copper. The effective copper treatment with lime restoration soil had the largest decrease. The four seasons of continuous application of restoration materials were 38.9%, 34.9%, 27.88%, and 29.04%, respectively, and the subsequent effect of lime passivation of effective copper was better than other restoration materials. The application of the repair material significantly reduced the copper content in edible parts of rape and rice. In the four seasons of application of the repair material, the maximum copper content in edible parts of different crops decreased by 46.03%, 22.2%, 29.44%, and 31.71%, respectively. Due to the application effect of the repair material, the copper content in the edible part of the two season crops, without the repair material, did not exceed the national food safety limit. With the use of different repair materials, the yields of rapeseed and rice were improved. This test can provide some theoretical basis and technical support for soil improvement in copper-contaminated areas.Iron oxides are widely distributed in soils and have large specific surface areas and strong affinities with heavy metals, and thus play a significant role in the transformation of heavy metals in soils. Pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of heavy metal-immobilizing bacteria Bacillus megaterium N3, Serratia liquefaciens H12, and strain N3 combination with H12 on the absorption of Cd by ZM-3 (Triticum aestivum L.). The effects of different treatments on soil pH, iron oxide content, and relative abundance of iron oxide bacteria, clay particle mineral composition, and aggregates in wheat rhizosphere were also measured. The results showed that strains N3, H12, and N3+H12 significantly (P less then 0.05) increased the dry weight (36.5%-75.3%) of wheat grains, and significantly (P less then 0.05) decreased the content of Cd (30.2%-84.9%) in wheat grains. Furthermore, compared with the single application of strain N3 or H12, the application of strain N3 combined with H12 had a stronger ability to reduce the absorption of Cd by ZM-3.