Several studies suggests that the provision of auditory cues with music could be beneficial for people with Parkinson's Disease (PD). The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of music-based physical therapy on the international Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) components disability, cognition, muscle strength, balance, and functional mobility. This was a controlled, non-randomized clinical trial involving 13 individuals with PD assessed at three times baseline, period 1 (treatment), and period 2 (no treatment). The variables analyzed were disability by Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and Hoehn & Yahr (H&Y), cognitive function by Trail Making Test, muscle strength by Medical Research Council (MRC) and sitting-rising (SR) test, balance and functional mobility by Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Timed up and Go (TUG). ANOVA with post-hoc multiple comparison was used to determine statistical differences between the baseline, period 1 and 2. there was statistically significant difference among the period 1 and 2 for the cognitive function; there was a statistically significant difference between the period 1 and 2 in SR test; in the balance evaluation by BBS, an increase was observed between the baseline and the period 1, followed by a decrease in period 2; in the TUG, there was an increase between the period 1 and 2. the music-based physical therapy, according to the ICF construct, was able to improve balance and functional mobility in individuals with PD. The functional gains were not maintained when the therapy was discontinued. the music-based physical therapy, according to the ICF construct, was able to improve balance and functional mobility in individuals with PD. The functional gains were not maintained when the therapy was discontinued.This article highlights the second stage of athletic development, the Developmental Stage. In this article we build awareness in growth and maturation, highlighting a 3-stage process through the use of the Khamis-Roche protocol. We covered an introduction to Strength Development for athletes in the developmental stage. Speed Development was addressed in a progressive way to teach critical positions and we introduced ways to assess a developing athlete from ages 12-15. Spasticity is one of the most common and disabling symptoms in Multiple sclerosis (MS). The is a clinical tool for assessing spasticity. This study aimed to investigate the inter- and intra-rater reliability of the modified Tardieu scale for assessing knee extensors spasticity in MS patients. Twenty-six patients with MS (12 females and 14 males) with a mean age of 40±11.39 years participated in this study. The extensor muscles of both knees were evaluated using the MTS in two sessions. At first session, two examiners randomly assessed the knee extensor spasticity to study the inter-rater reliability and 3-4 days later the first examiner assessed the patients again, to determine intra-rater reliability. Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) analysis, two-way random effect model was used to determine the reliability of various components of the modified Tardieu scale. The inter-rater reliability for quality of muscle reaction of knee extensor muscles was very good (ICC=0.89) and for the difference between the angle of muscle response (R1) and full range(R2) of movement (R2- R1), as spasticity intensity criterion, was good (ICC=0.73). ICC values for R2-R1 and muscle response quality assessments by one rater were 0.73 and 0.82, respectively. The findings of the current study showed that the MTS has good to very good inter- and intra-rater reliability for assessing knee extensors spasticity in MS patients. The findings of the current study showed that the MTS has good to very good inter- and intra-rater reliability for assessing knee extensors spasticity in MS patients. Daytime tiredness is a risk factor for poor health and well-being in the short and long term and is often associated with sleep problems, stress-related mental health complaints and decreased school functioning. This study investigates the effect of an 8 month dance intervention study on daytime tiredness, alertness, sleep duration, sleep quality and school satisfaction. Randomized controlled intervention study that included a total of 112 girls aged 13-18 years old with stress-related somatic and mental health problems. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ABT-869.html Dance intervention with focus on enjoyment were performed semiweekly for 8 months. Questionnaire-based measurements regarding self-reported daytime tiredness, alertness, school satisfaction, sleep duration and quality were evaluated at baseline and at 8-, 12- and 20- month follow-ups. Daytime tiredness decreased significantly in the dance group compared to control group at all follow-ups. Alertness increased significant within the dance group, but there were no significant difference compared to the controls. Significant improvements were found in all sleep quality items within the dance group, between groups only one significant result was found. No conclusive changes in sleep duration were observed. School satisfaction increased significantly in the dance intervention group; however, its significance compared to that of the control group faded after adjustment for differences between groups at baseline. This study suggests that a dance intervention focusing on enjoyment can be effective in decreasing daytime tiredness. This study also adds to the growing body of evidence for the benefits of using nonpharmacological interventions to decrease stress-related problems among adolescents. This study suggests that a dance intervention focusing on enjoyment can be effective in decreasing daytime tiredness. This study also adds to the growing body of evidence for the benefits of using nonpharmacological interventions to decrease stress-related problems among adolescents. Passive and hybrid passive ankle foot orthoses (AFOs) are often prescribed in post stroke drop foot; however, the effects of these AFOs on balance related parameters in these patients seem unclear. Accordingly, the aim of current study was to evaluate the role of the newly designed hybrid passive and Posterior Leaf Spring (PLS) AFOs on balance related parameters including self-reported balance confidence (ABC), Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) in post stroke drop foot patients. Fifteen post stroke drop foot patients were recruited in current study. Then, ABC, TUG and BBS were assessed with newly designed AFO and PLS AFO. The results of this study were shown a significant improvement in ABC, TUG and BBS scores with the newly designed AFO than PLS AFO (p<0.05). This study suggested that the newly designed AFO was improved the balance related parameters than PLS AFO. This study suggested that the newly designed AFO was improved the balance related parameters than PLS AFO.