Although the data are cross-sectional, these findings offer promising preliminary evidence that transdiagnostic processes represent an important mental health risk in early adolescent girls. © 2020 Society for Research on Adolescence.The Epworth Sleepiness Scale is used frequently to measure excessive daytime sleepiness in research and clinical settings, although there is limited evidence on test-retest reliability, particularly among sleep clinic populations. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/brd-6929.html The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability of this instrument among adult patients recruited from a public hospital sleep clinic in Sydney, Australia. English-speaking participants self-completed the Epworth Sleepiness Scale on two occasions, at the specialist clinic visit and on the night of diagnostic polysomnography. Of the 108 participants included in the study, the majority were male (64%) and the mean age was 51 years. The median retest interval was 64 days. The primary outcome of test-retest reliability as measured using the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.73 (95% confidence interval, 0.61-0.82). Despite moderate statistical reliability and a low mean difference of 1.1, Bland-Altman analysis showed an unacceptably wide distribution of between-score differences. The 95% limits of agreement were -8.5 to +10.6, and an absolute difference in scores of at least 3 was observed in 60 (56%) of the participants. Our results suggest that the Epworth Sleepiness Scale should not be used in clinical settings to make individual-level comparisons, such as the effect of therapeutic interventions, or to prioritise access to services. © 2020 European Sleep Research Society.Intraspecific trait variation (ITV; i.e. variability in the mean and/or distribution of plant attribute values within species), can occur in response to multiple drivers. Environmental change and land-use legacies could alter trait values within species directly, but also indirectly by changing the vegetation cover. Greater variability in environmental conditions could lead to more ITV but responses could differ among species. Disentangling these drivers on ITV is necessary to accurately predict plant community responses to global change. We planted herb communities into forest soils with and without recent agricultural history. Soils were collected across temperate European regions, while the fifteen selected herb species had different colonising abilities and affinities to forest habitat. These mesocosms (384) were exposed to two-level full-factorial treatments of warming, nitrogen addition and illumination. We measured plant height and specific leaf area (SLA). For the majority of species, mean plant height values increased as vegetation cover increased in response to light addition, warming and agricultural legacies. The coefficient of variation (CV) for plant height was larger in fast colonising species. Mean SLA for vernal species increased with warming, while light addition mainly decreased mean SLA for shade-tolerant species. Interactions between treatments were unimportant predictors. Environmental change treatments influenced ITV, either via an increasing vegetation cover or by affecting trait values directly. Species' ITV was individualistic, i.e. species responded to different single resource and condition manipulations that benefited their growth in the short term. These individualistic responses could be important for altered community organisation after a prolonged period. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.The design of functional interfaces is central to both fundamental and applied research in materials science and energy technology. We introduce a new, broadly applicable technique for the precisely controlled high-throughput preparation of well-defined interfaces containing polyatomic species ranging from small ions to nanocrystals and large protein complexes. The mass-dispersive deposition of ions onto surfaces is achieved using a rotating-wall mass analyzer, a compact device which enables the separation of ions using low voltages and has a theoretically unlimited mass range. We demonstrate an efficient deposition of singly charged Au144 (SC4 H9 )60 ions (33.7 kDa), which opens up exciting opportunities for the structural characterization of nanocrystals and their assemblies using transmission electron microscopy. Our approach also enables the high-throughput deposition of mass-selected ions from multicomponent mixtures, which is of interest to the controlled preparation of surface gradients and rapid screening of molecules in mixtures for a specific property. © 2020 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Direct measurement of DNA repair enzyme activities is important both for the basic study of cellular repair pathways as well as for potential new translational applications in their associated diseases. NTH1, a major glycosylase targeting oxidized pyrimidines, prevents mutations arising from this damage, and the regulation of NTH1 activity is important in resisting oxidative stress and in suppressing tumor formation. Herein, we describe a novel molecular strategy for the direct detection of damaged DNA base excision activity by a ratiometric fluorescence change. This strategy utilizes glycosylase-induced excimer formation of pyrenes, and modified DNA probes, incorporating two pyrene deoxynucleotides and a damaged base, enable the direct, real-time detection of NTH1 activity in vitro and in cellular lysates. The probe design was also applied in screening for potential NTH1 inhibitors, leading to the identification of a new small-molecule inhibitor with sub-micromolar potency. © 2020 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Deoxyfluorination is a primary method for the formation of C-F bonds. Bespoke reagents are commonly used because of issues associated with the low reactivity of metal fluorides. Reported here is the development of a simple strategy for deoxyfluorination, using first-row transition-metal fluorides, and it overcomes these limitations. Using CuF2 as an exemplar, activation of an O-alkylisourea adduct, formed in situ, allows effective nucleophilic fluoride transfer to a range of primary and secondary alcohols. Spectroscopic investigations have been used to probe the origin of the enhanced reactivity of CuF2 . The utility of the process in enabling 18 F-radiolabeling is also presented. © 2020 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.