While the complexation was of minor importance in total adsorption accounting for 5%-16%. The relationship of each mechanism with the properties of biochar was also discussed. These provided new insights on the adsorption effectiveness and mechanisms for Cd2+ in the aqueous solution that was critical for evaluating the application of modified biochars. Air particulate matter (PM) pollution is associated with the alterations in circulating pulmonary damage proteins. But there are not consistent results among the epidemiological studies. The aim of this study is to investigate the alteration of surfactant protein (SP) from PM exposure. We conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis by searching the databases of PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science and CNKI before October 2020 which reported PM pollutants and surfactant protein in the population. The sources of heterogeneity were assessed by subgroup (smoking, particulate matter with different aerodynamic diameter, exposure duration) analysis. We also used the publication bias tests for the comprehensive assessment. This meta-analysis consisted of 10 studies with 1985 subjects. The results showed that the combined standardized mean difference (SMD) value was 0.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) was-0.07 to 0.17 for serum SP-A and-0.81 (95% CI -1.41 to-0.21) for circulating SP-D. Among smokers, the combined SMD value of SP-A were 0.29 (95% CI 0.05 to 0.52). We did not find the correlation between publication year of SP-A and SP-D and study heterogeneity. Circulating SP-D was significantly decreased by air particulate matter. Serum SP-A was significantly increased by PM exposure among smokers. Circulating surfactant protein may be considered as a biomarker for respiratory injury caused by air particulate matter. Circulating SP-D was significantly decreased by air particulate matter. Serum SP-A was significantly increased by PM exposure among smokers. Circulating surfactant protein may be considered as a biomarker for respiratory injury caused by air particulate matter.Iopamidol is a commonly used iodinated X-ray contrast media in medical field, and its residue in water can react with disinfectants to form highly toxic iodinated disinfection by-products (I-DBPs). This study investigated the degradation of iopamidol and formation of DBPs, especially iodinated trihalomethanes (I-THMs), during ferrate (Fe(VI)) pre-oxidation and subsequent chlor(am)ination under raw water background. It was found that iopamidol degradation efficiency in raw water by Fe(VI) at pH 9 could reach about 80%, which was much higher than that at pH 5 and pH 7 (both about 25%). With Fe(VI) dose increasing, iopamidol removal efficiency increased obviously. During the iopamidol degradation by Fe(VI), IO3- was the dominant product among all the iodine species. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pirfenidone.html After pre-treated by Fe(VI), yields of THM4 and I-THMs can be reduced in subsequent chlor(am)ination. Besides, pH was a crucial factor for Fe(VI) pre-oxidition controlling DBPs. With the pH increasing from 5 to 9, the yield of THM4 kept increasing in subsequent chlorination but showed the highest amount at pH 6 in subsequent chloramination. The yield of I-THMs increased first and then decreased with the increase of pH in both subsequent chlorination and chloramination. I-THM concentrations in chlorinated samples were lower than chloraminated ones under acidic conditions but became higher under neutral and alkaline conditions. The total CTI of THMs during Fe(VI)-chloramination was higher than that during Fe(VI)-chlorination under neutral condition, but sharply decreased under alkaline conditions. In summary, Fe(VI)-chloramination subsequent treatment under alkaline conditions should be an effective method for iopamidol removal and DBP control.Deep proteome coverage in bottom-up proteomics requires peptide-level fractionation to simplify the complex peptide mixture before analysis by tandem mass spectrometry. By decreasing the number of coeluting precursor peptide ions, fractionation effectively reduces the complexity of the sample leading to higher sample coverage and reduced bias toward high-abundance precursors that are preferentially identified in data-dependent acquisition strategies. To achieve this goal, we report a bead-based off-line peptide fractionation method termed CIF or carboxylate-modified magnetic bead-based isopropanol gradient peptide fractionation. CIF is an extension of the SP3 (single-pot solid phase-enhanced sample preparation) strategy and provides an effective but complementary approach to other commonly used fractionation methods including strong cation exchange and reversed phase-based chromatography. We demonstrate that CIF is an effective offline separation strategy capable of increasing the depth of peptide analyte coverage both when used alone or as a second dimension of peptide fractionation in conjunction with high pH reversed phase. These features make it ideally suited for a wide range of proteomic applications including the affinity purification of low-abundance bait proteins.Top predators are used as indicators of contaminant trends across space and time. However, signals are integrated over complex food webs, and variation in diet may confound such signals. Trophic position, assessed by bulk δ15N, is widely used to infer the variation in diet relevant to contamination, yet a single variable cannot completely describe complex food webs. Thus, we examined relationships across three aquatic systems varying from a single species to a small food web using bulk values from four isotopes and 21 amino acid-specific values. Because variation in baseline ('source') δ15N can confound estimates of trophic position , we calculated trophic position from the difference between δ15Ntrophic (δ15N for amino acids that change with trophic position) and δ15Nsource (δ15N for amino acids that do not change with trophic position). Across all three systems, variation in δ15Nsource explained over half of the variation in bulk δ15N, and stable isotope values that reflected the base of the food web (δ13C,important for other contaminants (ΣPBDE, ΣPFAS, mercury). We argue that the use of amino acid-specific analysis of δ15N alongside 'non-trophic' isotopes should be a core feature of any study that examines the influence of trophic position on chemical pollution, as required for a chemical to be added to international conventions such as the Stockholm Convention.