ation mouse model.In this study, we report our contribution to the application of whole cells of Brazilian marine-derived fungi in the biotransformation of ethinylestradiol 1. A preliminary screening with twelve marine-derived fungi strains revealed that the fungus Penicillium oxalicum CBMAI 1996 promoted the biotransformation of ethinylestradiol 1. Then, P. oxalicum CBMAI 1996 was employed in the reactions in decaplicate in order to purify and characterize the main biotransformation products of ethinylestradiol 1. Compounds 1b and 1c were characterized by NMR, HRMS, [α]D and mp. Compound 1b was also characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. In addition, kinetic monitoring of the biotransformation of ethinylestradiol 1 by P. oxalicum CBMAI 1996 was evaluated in this study in order to obtain high yields of compounds 1b and 1c with a reduction of the reaction time. In this work, we proposed a biotransformation pathway of ethinylestradiol 1, which suggests the presence of several enzymes such as phenol oxidases, monooxygenases, and ene-reductases in the fungus P. oxalicum CBMAI 1996. In summary, the rapid biodegradation of ethinylestradiol 1 and compounds 1b and 1c also has an environmental relevance, since ethinylestradiol 1 and other steroidal compounds are improperly discarded in the environment, and part of these compounds are displaced into the oceans. To make an in vitro evaluation of the lesion size and depth produced in two different sets of radio frequency energy bipolar delivery simultaneous biparietal bipolar (SBB) and simultaneous uniparietal bipolar (SUB). Two separate prototypes have been built for our purpose one to be used in SBB mode and the other to be used SUB mode. Forty left atrium samples were taken from the hearts of freshly slaughtered pigs. They were ablated into a simulator ABLABOX, where blood flow, temperature, and contact force were controlled. After being sliced into a cryotome, the samples were digitalized by a flatbed scanner, and the images were analyzed by a computer morphometric software. Transmural lesions were achieved in 18/20 samples (90%) in SBB, while SUB showed transmurality in 9/20 samples (45%). Overall maximum diameter (D ) resulted larger in SUB than in SBB (2.43 ± 0.30mm, 1.62 ± 0.14mm, respectively; p < 0.05) Moreover, maximum epicardial and endocardial diameters (D and D , respectively) were wider in SUB group than SBB group (2.28 ± 0.30mm, 2.26 ± 0.40 and 1.60 ± 0.14mm, 1.59 ± 0.15mm, respectively; p < 0.05). We observed the same tendency in lesion depth The total area and volume (A and V ) were broader in SUB group than in SBB one (581.01 ± 65.38mm/mm , 58.10 ± 6.53mm/mm and 521.97 ± 73.05mm/mm , 52.19 ± 7.30mm/mm . https://www.selleckchem.com/products/nms-873.html respectively; p < 0.05). In contrast with the smaller lesion sizes, the biparietal bipolar group showed a higher transmurality rate. These findings may suggest a better drive of the energy flow when compared with SUB lesions. In contrast with the smaller lesion sizes, the biparietal bipolar group showed a higher transmurality rate. These findings may suggest a better drive of the energy flow when compared with SUB lesions. Catheter ablation (CA) procedures are characterized by exposure to ionizing radiations (IR). IR can cause DNA damage and may lead to carcinogenesis if not efficiently repaired. The primary endpoint of this study is to investigate whether intravenous administration of N-acetylcysteine prior to CA procedure may prevent systemic oxidative stress and genomic DNA damage induced by exposure to IR. The "Cardiac Arrhythmia catheter ablation procedures guided by x-Ray imaging N-Acetylcysteine Protection Against radiation induced Cellular damagE" (CARAPACE) study is a prospective, randomized, single-blinded, parallel-arm monocenter study enrolling 550 consecutive patients undergoing CA at the Arrhythmology Unit of Centro Cardiologico Monzino (CCM). Inclusion criteria are age ≥ 18, indication for CA procedure guided by IR imaging, and written informed consent. IR levels will be measured via fluoroscopy time, effective dose, and dose area product. Glutathione and glutathione disulfide concentrations will be measured, and urinary levels of 8-iso-prostaglandin-F and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine will be quantified. The enrolled patients will be randomized 11 to the N-acetylcysteine group or to the control group. We expect that pre-operative administration of N-acetylcysteine will prevent IR-induced systemic oxidative stress. The study will provide data on oxidative DNA damage assessed by urinary 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine levels and direct evidence of genomic DNA damage in blood cells by comet assay. Catheter ablation procedures can lead to IR exposure and subsequent DNA damage. N-acetylcysteine administration prior to the procedure may prevent them and therefore lead to less possible complications. www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04154982). www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04154982). Open abdomen (OA) is a surgical option that can be used in patients with severe peritonitis. Few evidences exist to recommend the use of intraperitoneal fluid instillation associated with OA in managing septic abdomen. A prospective analysis of adult patients enrolled in the International Register of Open Abdomen (trial registration NCT02382770) was performed. A total of 387 patients were enrolled in two groups 84 with peritoneal fluid instillation (FI) and 303 without (NFI). The groups were homogeneous for baseline characteristics. Overall complications were 92.9% in FI and 86.3% in NFI (p = 0.106). Complications during OA were 72.6% in FI and 59.9% in NFI (p = 0.034). Complications after definitive closure were 70.8% in FI and 61.1% in NFI (p = 0.133). Entero-atmospheric fistula was 13.1% in FI and 12% in NFI (p = 0.828). Fascial closure was 78.6% in FI and 63.7% in NFI (p = 0.02). Analysis of FI in negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) showed Overall morbidity in NPWT was 94% and in non-NPWT 91.2% (when associated with nonnegative pressure temporary abdominal closure techniques.