Thus, the by-products of acerola and guava can be used as a sustainable alternative in the treatment of obesity. COVID-19 is a global public health concern. As no standard treatment has been found for it yet, several minerals and vitamins with antioxidants, immunomodulators, and antimicrobials roles can be sufficient for the immune response against the disease. The present study evaluates the serum vitamin D, calcium, and Zinc levels in patients with COVID-19. This research is a case-control study performed in May 2020 on 93 patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in a Shoushtar city hospital and on 186 healthy subjects with no symptoms of COVID-19. The serum vitamin D, calcium, and zinc levels were collected and analyzed using correlation coefficient and independent t-test via SPSS 18. Vitamin D levels had a significant difference between the case and control groups (p=0.008). Serum calcium and serum zinc levels also had statistically significant differences between the two groups (p<0.001). The research results showed that serum zinc, calcium, and vitamin D levels in COVID-19 patients are lower than in the control group. The supplementation with such nutrients is a safe and low-cost measure that can help cope with the increased demand for these nutrients in risk of acquiring the COVID-19 virus. The research results showed that serum zinc, calcium, and vitamin D levels in COVID-19 patients are lower than in the control group. The supplementation with such nutrients is a safe and low-cost measure that can help cope with the increased demand for these nutrients in risk of acquiring the COVID-19 virus. The effect of medical nutrition on serum metabolomics has been poorly explored. The aim of the study was to investigate the relation between energy supply and metabolic profiles in critically ill patients. Twenty mechanically ventilated patients on enteral nutrition (EN) or enteral/parenteral nutrition (EN/PN) were randomized into two groups. One group received an individual energy supply based on indirect calorimetry (IC group, n=9), the other group received a standard energy supply based on a formula, the standard care group (SC group, n=11). Targeted metabolomics was performed in early-, late- and post-acute metabolic phase. Individual versus standard care energy supply resulted in a metabolite class separation between the IC and the SC group (P<0.001). In the SC group concentrations of four glucogenic amino acids and three biogenic amines increased between the early- and late-acute metabolic phase (P<0.05). The metabolomics pattern differed between the routes of nutrition administration (P<0.01). The amount of energy supply by EN or PN, besides other factors, seems to modulate serum metabolites. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/salvianolic-acid-b.html Nutrition therapy based on individualized energy supply is associated with a reduction of metabolites reflecting catabolism. Therefore, metabolomics could be a new tool to determine metabolic phases in critically ill patients. The amount of energy supply by EN or PN, besides other factors, seems to modulate serum metabolites. Nutrition therapy based on individualized energy supply is associated with a reduction of metabolites reflecting catabolism. Therefore, metabolomics could be a new tool to determine metabolic phases in critically ill patients. Few studies have examined the association between carbohydrate intake and diabetes with consideration to time of eating. We investigated the association of carbohydrate score and rice intake for breakfast, lunch, and dinner with impaired glucose metabolism in a Japanese working population. Participants were 1416 workers (aged 18-69 years) without a history of diabetes or serious disease who participated in a health survey. Intakes of rice, bread, and noodles at each meal were ascertained using a questionnaire, and carbohydrate score was calculated from these intakes. Impaired glucose metabolism was defined by fasting blood glucose ≥110mg/dl or HbA1c≥6.0% Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratios of impaired glucose metabolism for quartile of carbohydrate score or rice intake for each meal with adjustment for covariates. Carbohydrate score and rice intake for each meal were not significantly associated with impaired glucose metabolism. However, among non-obese participants (BMI <25kg/m ), a higher intake of rice at dinner was associated with an increased odds of having impaired glucose metabolism (P for trend=0.02), with a multivariable-adjusted odds ratio for the highest versus lowest quartile of rice intake at dinner of 3.43 (95% confidence interval 1.22-9.70). In contrast, no such association was observed among obese participants (BMI ≥25kg/m ) (P for interaction=0.097). Our results suggest that carbohydrate score and rice intake for each meal are not associated with impaired glucose metabolism. The increased odds of having impaired glucose metabolism associated with higher rice intake at dinner among non-obese participants requires further investigation. Our results suggest that carbohydrate score and rice intake for each meal are not associated with impaired glucose metabolism. The increased odds of having impaired glucose metabolism associated with higher rice intake at dinner among non-obese participants requires further investigation. Malnutrition is known as one of the major health problems among critically ill children; optimum nutrition support is considered as a therapeutic strategy to improve clinical outcomes and minimize the length of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) staying as well as its costs. Implementation of an algorithmic protocol can result in the upgrade of the quality of nutrition support system in PICU. In this study, we developed a stepwise algorithmic nutrition care protocol for PICU patients in two phases as follows a critical review of past literature and an expert discussion panel. The final structured protocol includes three following steps for the nutrition care process 1) Initial nutrition screening and assessment, 2) Nutritional intervention and 3) Nutritional monitoring. Pre and post-implementation audits were carried out in a 23 bed medical/surgical PICU in a children's hospital affiliated to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences over two 4-week periods to evaluate the impact of the algorithm implementation.