AIMS Agro-based wastes were evaluated as a medium for mass micropropagule production and optimal efficacy of Trichoderma asperellum B1092 in controlling F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and promoting tomato growth. This study focused on biological control because pathogen persistence in the soil makes the disease difficult to control. METHODS AND RESULTS Rice bran, biochar, empty fruit bunches, coconut fibers, compost, top soil and mixed soil were evaluated as media for mass multiplication of Trichoderma asperellum, which is effective in controlling plant pathogens. Yielding the most colony forming units (cfu) among the media, coconut fiber was deemed most suitable for promoting sporulation. After 120 days on the medium, T. asperellum B1902 produced 9.053 × 105 cfu/g coconut fiber; oil palm empty fruit bunches was second highest (7.406 × 105 cfu/g). In field tests of T. asperellum B1092 against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp lycopersici (causing Fusarium wilt of cherry tomato), B1092 significantly promoted plant growth compared to the control. The efficacy of this formulation resulted in increased growth of roots and shoots tomato plants and total lycopene, sugar, K, N, Ca, P and Mg content after 120 days. CONCLUSIONS Trichoderma asperellum B1092 showed great field potential for improving productivity and quality of tomatoes and in controlling Fusarium wilt of cherry tomato. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This innovative approach using a cheap agro-waste to control the persistent soil-borne Fusarium pathogen of cherry tomato should increase soil survival rate of Trichoderma and has potential for upscaling in the field for other crops. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Magic-angle-spinning (MAS) enhances sensitivity and resolution in solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements. MAS is obtained by aerodynamic levitation and drive of a rotor, which results in large centrifugal pressures that may affect the physical state of soft materials, such as polymers, and subsequent solid-state NMR measurements. Here, we investigate the effects of MAS on the solid-state NMR measurements of a polymer electrolyte for lithium-ion battery applications, poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) doped with the lithium salt LiTFSI. We show that stresses associated with MAS induce local chain ordering, which manifests itself as characteristic lineshapes with doublet-like splittings in subsequent solid-state 1 H, 7 Li, and 19 F static NMR spectra characterizing the PEO chains and solvated ions. MAS results in distributions of stresses that hence local chain orientations and extents of chain alignments, yielding distributions in the local magnetic susceptibility tensor that give rise to the observed NMR anisotropy and lineshapes. The effects of MAS were investigated on solid-state 7 Li, and 19 F pulsed-field-gradient (PFG) diffusion and 7 Li longitudinal relaxation NMR measurements. Activations energies for ion diffusion were affected modestly by MAS. 7 Li, longitudinal relaxation rates, which are sensitive to lithium ion dynamics in the nanosecond regime, were essentially unchanged by MAS. We recommend that NMR researchers studying soft polymeric materials use only the spin rates necessary to achieve the desired enhancements in sensitivity and resolution, as well as acquire static NMR spectra after MAS experiments to reveal any signs of MAS-induced local ordering. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) are enzymes that hydrolyse penicillins and cephalosporins but spare cephamycins, moxalactam, and carbapenems. ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) are responsible for 5% of urinary-tract infections (UTIs) in children. Risk factors for ESBL-PE involvement in UTIs are well-documented recent travel abroad, hospitalisation or antibiotic use in the previous three months, or complex urological abnormalities. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, inflammatory, recurrent, debilitating skin disease of the hair follicle affecting apocrine glands-rich areas of the body. The disease usually occurs after puberty leading to painful nodules, abscesses, tunnels and scarring. Although uncommonly, HS can also occur in children and adolescents. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to describe the epidemiology, characteristics, predisposing factors and clinical course of HS in pediatric patients. METHODS The retrospective cohort study included patients with HS, who have been diagnosed in Dessau Medical Center and reported development of HS during childhood or adolescence, fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for HS and had a follow-up period of at least one year. A systematic review was conducted on MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL on March 19, 2020 using the terms "hidradenitis" or "acne inversa" together with the terms "children", "paediatric", "adolescence". RESULTS Twenty pediatric patients [1 child (0.22%), 19 adolescents (4.25%)] were detected out of 447 patients evaluated (4.5%) with a male to female ratio of 1.861. The median age at diagnosis was 17 years [interquartile range (IQR) 16-18] and the median age at onset 15 years (IQR 14-16.5). The majority of the patients suffered from moderate disease, were overweight or obese and non-smokers. The most common comorbid disorder was acne vulgaris. The systematic review revealed reports with data heterogeneity and lack of systematic documentation of specific demographic characteristics. Most pediatric patients were female, obese and non-smokers, with considerable comorbid disorders. CONCLUSIONS HS in Germany may affect children and adolescents exhibiting a particular phenotype of mainly male non-smokers. This article is protected by copyright. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/lithocholic-acid.html All rights reserved.Serotonergic neurotransmission plays a key role in the pathophysiology and treatment of various neuropsychiatric diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in serotonergic neurotransmission after acute tryptophan depletion (ATD) using positron emission tomography (PET) with [11 C]P943, a 5-HT1B receptor radioligand previously shown to be sensitive to changes in 5-HT. Five healthy subjects were scanned on a high resolution PET scanner twice on the same day, before and approximately 5 hours after ingesting capsules containing an amino acid mixture that lacks tryptophan. For each scan, emission data were acquired for 120 min after intravenous bolus injection of [11 C]P943. Binding potential (BPND ) values were estimated from parametric images using the second version of the multilinear reference tissue model (MRTM2, t* = 20 min) with cerebellar grey matter used as a reference region. The change in [11 C]P943 binding (ΔBPND , %) was calculated as (BPND,post  - BPND,pre )/(BPND,pre ) × 100, and correlation analysis was performed to measure linear associations of ΔBPND between raphe and other regions of interest (ROIs).