Corneal staining scores of DED rabbits respectively treated by ATS, PFOB@LIP-ATS, Tet-ATS and PFOB@LIP-Tet-ATS for seven days were 3.7±0.5, 3.2±0.4, 1.5±0.5 and 0.5±0.5. The expressions of related cytokines were correspondingly downregulated significantly, indicating that the inflammation of DED was successfully suppressed. The intraocular pressure changes of DED rabbits before and after treatment by PFOB@LIP-Tet showed no statistical significance. We successfully synthesized PFOB@LIP-Tet, and it could effectively treat dry eye disease via anti-inflammation but hardly affected the intraocular pressure. We successfully synthesized PFOB@LIP-Tet, and it could effectively treat dry eye disease via anti-inflammation but hardly affected the intraocular pressure. (VA) is a traditional African herbal medicine that has been reported to possess anticancer properties. However, the anticancer properties of VA silver nanoparticles have not been studied. The aim of the study was to examine and evaluate the anticancer activities of VA leaf extracts and VA silver nanoparticles on the human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7. VA leaves were extracted using sequential extraction assisted with ultrasound using three different solvents ethanol, 50% ethanol, and deionized water. The silver nanoparticles were synthesised with VA aqueous extract. The ethanol extract and VA silver nanoparticles inhibit MCF-7 cell proliferation with an average half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC ) value of 67µg/mL and 6.11µg/mL, respectively, after 72 hours of treatment. The ethanol extract and VA silver nanoparticles also caused G1 phase cell cycle arrest, induced apoptosis and nuclear fragmentation in MCF-7 cells. VA ethanol extracts and VA silver nanoparticles decreased the cell viability in MCF-7 cells in a time and dose-dependent manner by inducing apoptosis and causing DNA damage. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanism of action of VA leaf extracts and VA silver nanoparticles. This study is the first to report on the anticancer activity of VA silver nanoparticles in MCF-7 cells. VA ethanol extracts and VA silver nanoparticles decreased the cell viability in MCF-7 cells in a time and dose-dependent manner by inducing apoptosis and causing DNA damage. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanism of action of VA leaf extracts and VA silver nanoparticles. This study is the first to report on the anticancer activity of VA silver nanoparticles in MCF-7 cells. BF211, a derivative of bufalin (BF), shows significantly improved solubility and potent antitumor efficiency compared to BF. Unfortunately, the unwanted toxicity such as cardiotoxicity caused by unspecific distribution has hindered its clinical use. PEGylated BF211 liposomes (BF211@Lipo) were designed and optimizely prepared based on the pre-prescription research. In vitro and in vivo cardiotoxicity was evaluated. In vivo pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of BF211@Lipo were investigated. In vivo antitumor activity and toxicity were evaluated in HepG2 cell xenograft models. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/sirtinol.html The rapid-release triggered by Poloxamer 188 (P188) was assessed in vitro and in vivo. The optimized BF211@Lipo displayed a spherical morphology with a size of (164.6 ± 10.3) nm and a high encapsulation efficiency of (93.24 ± 2.15) %. The in vivo concentration-time curves of BF211 loaded in liposomes showed a prolonged half-life in plasma and increased tumor accumulation. No obvious abnormality in electrocardiograms was observed in guinea pigs even at 9 mg/kg. Moreover, to improve the efficient release of BF211@Lipo, a surfactant-assisted rapid-release strategy was developed, and the release-promoting mechanism was revealed by the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and fluorescence nanoparticle tracking analysis (fl-NTA) technology. Sequential injection of BF211@Lipo and P188 could ignite the "cold" liposomes locally in tumor regions, facilitating the burst release of BF211 and enhancing the therapeutic index. Our progressive efforts that begin with preparation technology and dosage regimen enable BF211 to like a drug, providing a promising nano platform to deliver the cardiac glycosides and alleviate the side effects by decreasing unspecific biodistribution. Our progressive efforts that begin with preparation technology and dosage regimen enable BF211 to like a drug, providing a promising nano platform to deliver the cardiac glycosides and alleviate the side effects by decreasing unspecific biodistribution.[This retracts the article DOI 10.2147/IJN.S153763.]. Renal fibrosis is a chronic and progressive process affecting kidneys in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes (MSCs-Exo) have been shown to alleviate renal fibrosis and injury, but the mechanism of MSCs-Exo-induced renal protection remains unknown. In this study, MSCs were transfected with let-7i-5p antagomir (anti-let-7i-5p), and then exosomes were isolated from the transfected MSCs to deliver anti-let-7i-5p oligonucleotides to inhibit the level of let-7i-5p in kidney tubular epithelial cells (NRK-52E). In both NRK-52E cells stimulated by TGF-β1 and the mouse kidneys after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), we demonstrated increased level of let-7i-5p. In addition, MSCs-Exo can deliver anti-let-7i-5p to reduce the level of let-7i-5p in NRK-52E cells and increase the expression of its target gene TSC1. Moreover, exosomal anti-let-7i-5p reduced extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and attenuated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)-stimulated NRK-52E cells and in the kidneys of UUO-treated mice. Meanwhile, mice received exosomal anti-let-7i-5p displayed reduced renal fibrosis and improved kidney function when challenged with UUO. Furthermore, exosomal anti-let-7i-5p promoted the activation the tuberous sclerosis complex subunit 1/mammalian target of rapamycin (TSC1/mTOR) signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, exosomal anti-let-7i-5p from MSCs exerts anti-fibrotic effects in TGF-β1-induced fibrogenic responses in NRK52E cells in vitro as well as in UUO-induced renal fibrosis model in vivo. These results provided a novel perspective on improving renal fibrosis by MSCs-Exo. In conclusion, exosomal anti-let-7i-5p from MSCs exerts anti-fibrotic effects in TGF-β1-induced fibrogenic responses in NRK52E cells in vitro as well as in UUO-induced renal fibrosis model in vivo. These results provided a novel perspective on improving renal fibrosis by MSCs-Exo.