However, due to lack of data the Panel could not conclude on the safety for pigs for fattening or minor growing porcine species. The FEEDAP Panel concludes that the use of the additive under the proposed conditions of use is safe for the consumer and the environment. Both forms of the additive are not irritant to eyes and skin but should be considered a potential respiratory sensitiser. The liquid formulation is not a dermal sensitiser but the solid formulation is. The Panel also considered based on previously evaluated data that the additive has a potential to be efficacious as a zootechnical additive in turkeys for fattening and reared for breeding and in pigs for fattening and minor growing porcine species at 500 FTU/kg feed.Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to create and regularly update a database of host plant species of Xylella spp. In 2018, EFSA released a new Xylella spp. host plant database that was now updated with informative data extracted from 76 recent publications retrieved through an extensive literature search. This report is related to the third version of the database published in Zenodo in the EFSA Knowledge Junction community, covering articles selected from a systematic literature review conducted up of 30 June 2019; Europhyt database up to 15 October 2019; and relevant articles identified by EFSA Horizon scanning and personal communications from experts. Some data on Xylella fastidiosa strains and geographical coordinates included in the already published database were updated or modified with the purpose of increasing the accuracy and consistency of the database itself. Thirty-seven new host plant species of X. fastidiosa, identified through the data extracted from the selected publications, have been added to the database. Those plant species were reported as naturally infected, artificially infected or infected under unspecified conditions by subsp. multiplex, pauca or unknown (i.e. not reported in the publication) subspecies of X. fastidiosa. No additional data were retrieved for Xylella taiwanensis. Six new Sequence Types (STs) have been identified in Brazil, Italy and the USA. Information on the tolerant/resistant response of plant species or varieties to X. fastidiosa infection are also reported in the database. The overall number of Xylella spp. host plants reaches now 343 plant species, 163 genera and 64 families determined with two different detection methods, till 595 plant species, 275 genera and 85 families regardless the detection method applied. The EFSA database on Xylella spp. host plants is updated regularly with the aim to provide information and scientific support to risk assessors, risk managers and researchers dealing with Xylella spp.The EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF) provides a scientific opinion on the safety of the proposed amendment of the specifications for steviol glycosides (E 960) as a food additive, in particular to expand the list of steviol glycosides to 60 steviol glycosides identified in the leaves of Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni. With the existing specifications, the food additive must be comprised of not less than 95% of the 11 named steviol glycosides. The proposed change is to include all 60 steviol glycosides in the same limit value of 95% and this would allow the presence of up to 5% of impurities. FAF Panel considered that all steviol glycosides share the same metabolic fate, and therefore, the safety of 60 identified steviol glycosides can be based on read-across from toxicological data previously evaluated by EFSA and the acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 4 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day will apply to all those steviol glycosides. However, according to the proposed change in specifications, there remains a small but not insignificant fraction of the additive that would be undefined and therefore cannot be evaluated by the Panel. The Panel concluded that the inclusion of the 60 steviol glycosides in the proposed specifications for steviol glycoside (E960) would not be of safety concern. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/obeticholic-acid.html However, the Panel cannot conclude on the safety of the proposed amendment to the specifications of steviol glycosides (E 960) as food additive if the purity assay value of not less than 95% for the total content of steviol glycosides is maintained.The EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of Naupactus leucoloma Boheman (Coleoptera Curculionidae) for the EU territory. N. leucoloma is a polyphagous pest reported to feed on 385 plant species; cultivated hosts include alfalfa, beans, brassicas, carrots, clover, onions, peas, potatoes and soft fruits. N. leucoloma is native to eastern South America. During the first half of the 20th century, it spreads to Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and the USA. In 2005, it was reported in the Azores where it occurs in the wild. In suitable conditions, N. leucoloma can develop from egg to adult in about 12 months with adults emerging during spring and summer. Outside of South America only females are known, they develop and lay eggs without fertilisation. Eggs are usually laid in the soil but can be laid on the stem or lower leaves of hosts. Larval root feeding causes damage to root surfaces leading to stunting and yield or quality losses. Larvae can tunnel inside potato tubers causing significant losses. Pupation takes place in the soil in spring and summer. Larvae and eggs that are laid late in the summer overwinter. Plants for planting and plant products, such as potatoes, provide potential pathways for entry into the EU. The suitable climate and the wide availability of host plants provide conditions to support the establishment of N. leucoloma in the EU. N. leucoloma is regulated in the EU by Commission Implementing Regulation 2019/2072 (Annex IIA). The import of soil or growing medium, from third countries other than Switzerland, is prohibited in the EU and therefore so far inhibited the entry of N. leucoloma larvae and pupae. All criteria assessed by EFSA for consideration either as a potential union quarantine pest or as a potential regulated non-quarantine pest are met.
However, due to lack of data the Panel could not conclude on the safety for pigs for fattening or minor growing porcine species. The FEEDAP Panel concludes that the use of the additive under the proposed conditions of use is safe for the consumer and the environment. Both forms of the additive are not irritant to eyes and skin but should be considered a potential respiratory sensitiser. The liquid formulation is not a dermal sensitiser but the solid formulation is. The Panel also considered based on previously evaluated data that the additive has a potential to be efficacious as a zootechnical additive in turkeys for fattening and reared for breeding and in pigs for fattening and minor growing porcine species at 500 FTU/kg feed.Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to create and regularly update a database of host plant species of Xylella spp. In 2018, EFSA released a new Xylella spp. host plant database that was now updated with informative data extracted from 76 recent publications retrieved through an extensive literature search. This report is related to the third version of the database published in Zenodo in the EFSA Knowledge Junction community, covering articles selected from a systematic literature review conducted up of 30 June 2019; Europhyt database up to 15 October 2019; and relevant articles identified by EFSA Horizon scanning and personal communications from experts. Some data on Xylella fastidiosa strains and geographical coordinates included in the already published database were updated or modified with the purpose of increasing the accuracy and consistency of the database itself. Thirty-seven new host plant species of X. fastidiosa, identified through the data extracted from the selected publications, have been added to the database. Those plant species were reported as naturally infected, artificially infected or infected under unspecified conditions by subsp. multiplex, pauca or unknown (i.e. not reported in the publication) subspecies of X. fastidiosa. No additional data were retrieved for Xylella taiwanensis. Six new Sequence Types (STs) have been identified in Brazil, Italy and the USA. Information on the tolerant/resistant response of plant species or varieties to X. fastidiosa infection are also reported in the database. The overall number of Xylella spp. host plants reaches now 343 plant species, 163 genera and 64 families determined with two different detection methods, till 595 plant species, 275 genera and 85 families regardless the detection method applied. The EFSA database on Xylella spp. host plants is updated regularly with the aim to provide information and scientific support to risk assessors, risk managers and researchers dealing with Xylella spp.The EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF) provides a scientific opinion on the safety of the proposed amendment of the specifications for steviol glycosides (E 960) as a food additive, in particular to expand the list of steviol glycosides to 60 steviol glycosides identified in the leaves of Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni. With the existing specifications, the food additive must be comprised of not less than 95% of the 11 named steviol glycosides. The proposed change is to include all 60 steviol glycosides in the same limit value of 95% and this would allow the presence of up to 5% of impurities. FAF Panel considered that all steviol glycosides share the same metabolic fate, and therefore, the safety of 60 identified steviol glycosides can be based on read-across from toxicological data previously evaluated by EFSA and the acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 4 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day will apply to all those steviol glycosides. However, according to the proposed change in specifications, there remains a small but not insignificant fraction of the additive that would be undefined and therefore cannot be evaluated by the Panel. The Panel concluded that the inclusion of the 60 steviol glycosides in the proposed specifications for steviol glycoside (E960) would not be of safety concern. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/obeticholic-acid.html However, the Panel cannot conclude on the safety of the proposed amendment to the specifications of steviol glycosides (E 960) as food additive if the purity assay value of not less than 95% for the total content of steviol glycosides is maintained.The EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of Naupactus leucoloma Boheman (Coleoptera Curculionidae) for the EU territory. N. leucoloma is a polyphagous pest reported to feed on 385 plant species; cultivated hosts include alfalfa, beans, brassicas, carrots, clover, onions, peas, potatoes and soft fruits. N. leucoloma is native to eastern South America. During the first half of the 20th century, it spreads to Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and the USA. In 2005, it was reported in the Azores where it occurs in the wild. In suitable conditions, N. leucoloma can develop from egg to adult in about 12 months with adults emerging during spring and summer. Outside of South America only females are known, they develop and lay eggs without fertilisation. Eggs are usually laid in the soil but can be laid on the stem or lower leaves of hosts. Larval root feeding causes damage to root surfaces leading to stunting and yield or quality losses. Larvae can tunnel inside potato tubers causing significant losses. Pupation takes place in the soil in spring and summer. Larvae and eggs that are laid late in the summer overwinter. Plants for planting and plant products, such as potatoes, provide potential pathways for entry into the EU. The suitable climate and the wide availability of host plants provide conditions to support the establishment of N. leucoloma in the EU. N. leucoloma is regulated in the EU by Commission Implementing Regulation 2019/2072 (Annex IIA). The import of soil or growing medium, from third countries other than Switzerland, is prohibited in the EU and therefore so far inhibited the entry of N. leucoloma larvae and pupae. All criteria assessed by EFSA for consideration either as a potential union quarantine pest or as a potential regulated non-quarantine pest are met.
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