Demand for aquatic products surges, due to the increasing concerns on high-quality nutrition and food security. Eastern China is the leading area in contributing significantly to both production and consumption of aquatic products from inland aquaculture, coastal fishing, and distant-water fishing. It is imperative to comprehensively assess the dietary risks of common chemical hazards, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in aquatic products of these supply origins, and the contribution of aquatic product consumption to total human exposure. The observed body loads of total PAHs in the coastal aquatic products varied significantly, indicating an unstable food quality from the east coast of China. In the meantime, benzo[a]pyrene equivalent concentrations (BaPeq) exhibited the highest level in the aquatic products from inland farm ponds. High BaPeq, along with high consumption of inland aquaculture products, led to higher corresponding cumulative carcinogenic risks (ILCRs) than the other two kinds of products, which further indicate that the origins and consumption rates of the aquatic products do matter. Furthermore, it is confirmed that the consumption of aquatic products is an important contributor to the total daily exposure to PAHs, especially for children and pregnant women. Finally, it is necessary to apply practical remediation in aquaculture farm ponds to provide high-quality products, especially for the population groups of children and pregnant women, and alleviate the exposure and risk due to the PAHs in aquatic products.Thiacloprid is widely used in agriculture and may affect pollinators. However, its molecular effects are poorly known. Here, we report the global gene expression profile in the brain of honey bee foragers assessed by RNA-sequencing. Bees were exposed for 72 h to nominal concentrations of 25 and 250 ng/bee via sucrose solution. Determined residue concentrations by LC-MS/MS were 0.59 and 5.49 ng/bee, respectively. Thiacloprid exposure led to 5 and 71 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), respectively. Nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial ribosomal proteins and enzymes involved in oxidative phosphorylation, as well as metabolism enzymes and transporters were altered at 5.49 ng/bee. Kyoto Encylopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that mitochondrial ribosome proteins, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, pyrimidine, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism and additional metabolic pathways were altered. Among 21 genes assessed by RT-qPCR, the transcript of farnesol dehydrogenase involved in juvenile hormone III synthesis was significantly down-regulated. Transcripts of cyp6a14-like and apolipophorin-II like protein, cytochrome oxidase (cox17) and the non-coding RNA (LOC102654625) were significantly up-regulated at 5.49 ng/bee. Our findings indicate that thiacloprid causes transcriptional changes of genes prominently associated with mitochondria, particularly oxidative phosphorylation. This highlight potential effects of this neonicotinoid on energy metabolism, which may compromise bee foraging and thriving populations at environmentally relevant concentrations.Due to the inherent rheological complexity of wastewater sludges, conventional sludge pipeline design based on simplified rheological models can result in inefficient sludge transportation systems. These inefficiencies are further exacerbated by a global need for the processing of more concentrated wastewater sludges that have a more pronounced non-Newtonian character, and hence require greater energy for transportation. However, the complex rheology of these materials (typically visco-elastic and thixotropic) requires sophisticated methods for constitutive modelling that are impractical to implement for complex materials such as sewerage sludges. We address this challenge by developing a novel viscoplastic thixotropic constitutive model that exploits the separation of timescales between the thixotropic and viscoelastic processes, leading to simpler and more robust experimental methods, parameter estimation and process simulation methods. This constitutive model combines a kinetic model for thixotropic degradation and agglomeration via a classical structural parameter (λ) approach coupled nonlinearly with a Herschel-Bulkley model to yield a thixotropic viscoplastic model of sludge rheology. Experimental data for thickened digested sludge between 3 and 4.9% solids were collected to validate the assumption for the separation of viscoelastic and thixotropic responses. The fitting procedure was found to be robust and efficient, and several rheological parameters were found to be invariant with solids concentration. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Adrucil(Fluorouracil).html Simplified energy calculations for a typical sludge pipeline showed that the pumping energy could be significantly under- or overestimated without considering thixotropy. These simple and robust constitutive models and fitting methods can accurately predict (and hence design and optimise) sludge behaviour over a wide range of wastewater processes. To determine the effect of intranasal Doyle splints on postoperative pain following septoplasty and inferior turbinate reduction (ITR). Changes in Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scores were also evaluated. A prospective cohort study conducted from January 2017 to January 2019. Patients were recruited if they experienced nasal obstruction due to septal deviation and inferior turbinate hypertrophy, and failed a one-month trial of intranasal corticosteroids. All patients underwent septoplasty with ITR, and either had Doyle splints or no splints placed. Patients were prescribed hydrocodone-acetaminophen 5-325mg and asked to keep a daily log of pain medication use and visual analog scale (VAS) scores. Pain logs and NOSE scores were compared between patients who had splints versus patients who had no splints placed after septoplasty and ITR over the first postoperative week. NOSE scores were also collected at every postoperative visit (1week, 1month, and 6months). Fifty-seven patients were enrolled (37 splints, 20 no-splints). The median postoperative pain VAS score was 3.0 (interquartile range [IQR] 2.0-5.0) for the splint group and 4.0 (IQR 2.0-5.0) for the no-splint group (P=0.906). The median postoperative pain medication requirement in morphine equivalents at the first postoperative visit was 5.4mg/day (IQR 2.0-13.3) for the splint group and 8.4mg/day (IQR 1.8-15.3) for the no-splint group (P=0.833). There were no statistically significant differences in postoperative pain VAS scores or pain medication use between the two groups. All patients experienced significant reductions in NOSE scores postoperatively. There were no statistically significant differences in postoperative pain VAS scores or pain medication use between the two groups. All patients experienced significant reductions in NOSE scores postoperatively.

Background Local infiltration analgesia (LIA) has become popular in postoperative pain relief after total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The aim of this meta-analysis was to compare the efficacy and safety of LIA with intrathecal morphine and epidural analgesia after THA and TKA. Methods A systematic article search was performed from PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases, up to February 21, 2019. The main outcomes included visual analog scale for assessment of pain, morphine equivalent consumption, length of hospital stay, and adverse events. The data were calculated using weight mean difference (WMD) or risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Results Eleven studies with a total of 707 patients met the inclusion criteria and were included in this meta-analysis. LIA provided better pain control than other 2 techniques at 24-hour (WMD = 10.61, 95% CI 3.36-17.87; P = .004), 48-hour (WMD = 16.0, 95% CI 8.87-23.13; P less then .001), and 72-hour (WMD = 11.31, 95% CI 3.78-18.83; P less then .001). Moreover, LIA had similar morphine consumption and duration of hospital stay with intrathecal morphine and epidural analgesia. There was significantly lower incidence of adverse events with LIA than with the other 2 techniques. Conclusion LIA provided better postoperative pain control and less adverse events than intrathecal morphine and epidural analgesia after THA and TKA.The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential role of circulating tumor cell (CTC) detection in the surgical assessment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients with thrombi.Nine patients diagnosed with renal mass and thrombi were enrolled from June 2018 to January 2019. Blood samples were collected for CTC detection using SE-iFISH assay. CD45, DAPI, programmed death ligand 1, and fluorescence in situ hybridization with the centromere of chromosome 8 (CEP8) were immune-stained for analysis. Patient demographics, clinical features, pathological characteristics, and CTC detection results were extracted for analysis.Seven of 9 patients (77.8%) had 12 detectable CTCs, 5 of which were with CEP8-positive signal ≥5 and the others were CEP8-positive signal = 3. All 3 patients (100%) with IVC invasion had detectable CTCs, whereas CTCs were detected in 4 of 6 patients (66.7%) without IVC invasion. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/kpt-9274.html CEP8 analysis revealed that CTCs in IVC invasion patients were all of CEP8-positive signal ≥5 status, whereas only half of the CTCs in patients without IVC invasion were of CEP8-positive signal ≥5 pattern.In conclusion, both CTC subtype and total CTC number may serve as a marker for predicting inferior vena cava invasion in RCC patients.To report long-term outcomes of intravitreal ceftazidime injection in patients with endogenous Klebsiella pneumoniae endophthalmitis (EKPE).This was a retrospective observational case study, including 7 eyes from 6 patients with EKPE. The medical records from January 2010 to December 2018 were reviewed.Diagnosis of EKPE was made based on the finding of endophthalmitis with concurrent systemic infection and positive blood culture result. All patients received tap and intravitreal ceftazidime injection base on the results of antibiotics sensitivity test. Visual acuity ranged from no light perception to 20/60 at initial visit, and the final visual acuity was 20/20. Two eyes underwent evisceration after intravitreal injection.Intravitreal ceftazidime injection showed favorable results in patients with EKPE.To determine which factor is associated with presence of fat stranding sign for acute appendicitis on computed tomography (CT).This study reviewed the CT imaging of adults with proven acute appendicitis at a single center from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2019. Logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between clinical characteristics and fat stranding sign. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the cutoff value that helped predict the presence of fat stranding on CT.In total, 413 patients were included. Age of ≥40 years (OR 3.10; 95% CI, 2.02-4.74; P less then .0001), body mass index of ≥23 kg/m (OR 2.86; 1.89-4.34; P less then .0001), white blood cell count of ≥10,000/μl (OR 1.77; 1.05-2.99; P = .0316), and C-reactive protein level of ≥2.4 mg/dl (OR 3.17; 1.97-5.08; P less then .0001) were significant factors predicting fat stranding on CT. The ROC analysis with above 4 factors showed an area under the curve of 0.76 (0.71-0.80).Body habitus, advanced age, and elevated inflammatory marker levels were independent in predicting fat stranding for patients with acute appendicitis.Background and purpose Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) usually experience recurrent acute exacerbations. These patients, especially those with stable COPD, require an effective intervention for treating exacerbations. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Compound Caoshi silkworm granules (CCSGs) in stable COPD patients and to investigate their potential mechanism. Methods A randomized controlled trial was performed at Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University. Patients were enrolled in this study if they met the criterion of stable COPD. A total of 40 patients were randomly divided into the following 2 groups Group A (n = 20, routine treatment (RT) group) and Group B (n = 20, RT plus CCSGs [RT plus CCSGs] group). The duration of treatment was 3 months. Stool samples were collected from all patients on day 0 and the gut microbiota was analyzed using 16s rRNA sequencing. The St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) scores and lung function were assessed at month 0 and month 3. Results The components of gut microbiota differed between stable COPD patients and the healthy population. The RT plus CCSGs group showed improved SGRQ scores compared to the RT group. There was no difference in forced expiratory volume-one second, forced vital capacity, and forced expiratory volume-one second/forced vital capacity between the two groups. Furthermore, the abundance of gut microbiota in patients with the top 10 SGRQ scores (Group N) differed from the abundance of gut microbiota in those with the lowest 10 SGRQ scores (Group T). Conclusion CCSGs have beneficial effects in the improvement of symptoms in stable COPD patients over a 3-month treatment period. The potential underlying mechanism may be attributable to the difference in gut microbiota among patients. However, more research is needed to confirm this conclusion.

OBJECTIVES Colibacillosis caused by avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) is considered as a major hindrance in poultry farming worldwide. This study aimed to characterize the genetic content and the relatedness between multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates from broiler chickens died due to colibacillosis in three farms from Tunisia. METHODS One hundred samples were collected from chickens' fresh carcasses from 3 poultry farms in Tunisia. E. coli isolation and identification were performed. Then, antimicrobial susceptibility regarding antibiotics, the ability to produce β-lactamases and Minimal Inhibitory Concentration for colistin were determined according to CLSI guidelines. β-lactams and non-β-lactams antimicrobial resistance genes, integrons, virulence genes, and phylogenetic groups were investigated by PCRs. The genetic relatedness of the E. coli isolates was analyzed by PFGE and MLST. RESULTS A high infection rate of E. coli (50%) in infected organs of chickens was observed. The majority of E. coli isolates were multidrug-resistant (96%) among them 24% were colistin-resistant and 30% were ESBL- producing isolates. Seven out of 12 colistin-resistant isolates harbored the mcr-1 gene among them, 10 were ESBL- producing and carried blaCTX-M-1, blaTEM and blaSHV β-lactamases encoding genes. E coli isolates were assigned to different phylogroups but most of them (74%) belonged to the pathogenic phylogroup B2. Molecular typing by PFGE showed that some E. coli isolates harboring ESBL-mcr-1 genes were clonally related. MLST revealed the presence of 4 different ST lineages among ESBL- and mcr-1 carrying E. coli ST4187, ST3882; ST5693 and ST8932 with clonal dissemination of E. coli ST4187 between two farms. CONCLUSION This is the first report of ESBL-mcr-1 carrying E. coli isolates of a clinically relevant phylogenetic group (B2) from chickens having died due to colibacillosis in Tunisian poultry farms. AIMS Staphylococcus epidermidis is the most common coagulase-negative bacteria colonizing the human skin as well as mucous membrane. It is the major cause of infections in the hospital environment. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in S. epidermidis has increased quite significantly in the last few decades threatening the human health globally. This study explores the AMR status in an S. epidermidis strain isolated from the ear-infection of an Iraqi student who has undergone treatment for the same. RESULTS S. epidermidis AK-612 is a methicillin resistant strain possessing SCCmec type Ⅴ element. This MRSE (Methicillin resistant S. epidermidis) is a ST-35 belonging to clonal complex 2 which has never been reported earlier in Iraq, to the best of our knowledge. S. epidermidis ST-35 has earlier been reported only in Portugal and Germany. In Portugal, ST-35 was reported to be colonizing the nasal area of a bird of prey Buteo buteo which undergoes a migratory period extending its range from Europe to Asia. The plasmid of S. epidermidis (AK-612) with plasmid 1 of S. epidermidis strain PM221. S. epidermidis strain PM221 was isolated in Finland from intra-mammary bovine infection. This ST-35 strain may have crossed continental boundaries and expanded its occurrence in animals as well as humans. CONCLUSIONS This is a matter of serious concern as the dissemination of the multi-drug resistant S. epidermidis in human infections can prove to be a major hindrance for treatment of infections.. The transmission of this isolate across continental boundaries will make the infection control a difficult task. The coexistence of nitrate and antibiotics in wastewater is a common problem. The study aimed to explore the response of denitrifying community, denitrification genes and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) to oxytetracycline (OTC) stress in polycaprolactone (PCL) supported solid-phase denitrification (SPD) reactors. Complete nitrate reduction (greater than99%) was achieved in SPD system with OTC stress of 0, 0.05, 0.25 and 1 mg L-1 during three-month operation, while it significantly declined by about 5% at a further increased OTC level of 5 mg L-1. The efficient denitrification strongly related with a rich diversity of denitrifiers, while the abundances of which dramatically reduced as the OTC concentration reached ≥0.25 mg L-1, which caused significant decline of denitrification genes, especially for narH, narJ, narI nirD, nosZ, and norB. Tetracycline resistance genes were a major type of promoted ARGs by different OTC stress, mainly related with the increase of tet36, tetG, tetA, tetM and tetC. The present research explored the optimization of volatile fatty acids (VFA) production from cheese whey in an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (AnSBR). For that purpose, changes of solid and hydraulic retention times (SRT and HRT) were applied. Moreover, the experiments were coupled to metagenomic analyses by 16S rRNA sequencing. The results showed an enhancement of the process effectiveness at longer SRT and shorter HRT. The degree of acidification (DA) improved from 0.73 to 0.83 when increasing the SRT from 5 to 15 days. It also increased from 0.79 to 0.83 when lowering the HRT from 3 to 1 day. The acidification yield (YVFA/S) improved from 0.78 to 0.87 and from 0.86 to 0.90 g COD-VFA g COD-Lactose-1 when increasing the SRT from 5 to 15 days and decreasing the HRT from 3 to 1 day, respectively. Hydrolytic bacteria dominated the microbial community at the shortest SRT, although they were replaced by acidogenic bacteria at longer SRT. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sucrose ester (SE) addition on the physico-chemical parameters, organic matter (OM) biodegradation and related bacterial communities structure in dairy manure and cassava residuals co-composting. The biodegradation rates of OM, dissolved organic matters (DOM) and lignocellulose in SE (16.34%, 44.11% and 26.73%) group were higher than those in CK (14.71%, 39.11% and 19.90%). In addition, the content of humic substances (HS) (36.34%) in SE was obviously higher than that in CK (17.68%). The relative abundance of bacterial community in SE changed, in which the abundance of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria increased, while the amount of Blastomonas decreased. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/sodium-2-1h-indol-3-ylacetate.html Redundancy analysis indicated Bacillus and Acinetobacter were positively correlated with the temperature and OM, whereas Azomonas and Luteimonas showed a positive relation with pH. In conclusion, the amendment of SE accelerated the degradation and conversion of organic matters, enhanced the formation of HS and improved the quality of compost.

03) after implementation (P < .001). Mean (SD) ICU Mobility Scale scores increased on initial evaluation from 4.4 (2.8) to 5.0 (2.8) (P = .01) and at intensive care unit discharge from 6.4 (2.5) to 6.8 (2.3) (P = .04). Complications occurred in 0.2% of patients mobilized. In phase 2, 84% of patients had out-of-bed activity after implementation. The time to achieve mobility levels 2 to 4 decreased (P = .05). Intensive care unit length of stay decreased significantly in both phases. Implementing the American Association of Critical-Care early mobility protocol in intensive care units with ABCDEF components in place can increase mobility levels, decrease length of stay, and decrease delirium with minimal complications. Implementing the American Association of Critical-Care early mobility protocol in intensive care units with ABCDEF components in place can increase mobility levels, decrease length of stay, and decrease delirium with minimal complications. An effective orientation ensures that new nurses are prepared to deliver competent care to patients. In organizations with several critical care units, opportunities exist to achieve standardization of core content applicable to all critical care areas. This quality improvement project, conducted in a large children's hospital with multiple critical care units, was designed to centralize critical care orientation and standardize its content, as well as to measure learning outcomes of the revised program. Before initiation of this project, a 2-day critical care orientation class was held regularly for newly hired critical care nurses. Nurses attended this class at different time points in their orientation. Critical care units also held unit-based orientation classes. Nursing professional development specialists and representatives from each critical care unit collaborated to redesign the 2-day critical care orientation class in order to standardize content taught across the organization, increase attendance at the class, and reduce redundancy of topics covered in unit-based classes. The redesigned program included online modules followed by 4-hour sessions that built on the knowledge gained in the modules. The sessions used multiple learner engagement strategies. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/AV-951.html Learning outcomes were evaluated using pretests and posttests. Between June 2017 and March 2018, a total of 150 nurses completed the redesigned program. Median posttest scores increased significantly from median pretest scores for each critical care orientation session. The program achieved the goal of standardizing education and increasing critical care nurses' knowledge. The program achieved the goal of standardizing education and increasing critical care nurses' knowledge. Intensive care units frequently use the Glasgow Coma Scale to objectively assess patients' levels of consciousness. Interobserver reliability of Glasgow Coma Scale scores is critical in determining the degree of impairment. To evaluate interobserver reliability of intensive care unit patients' Glasgow Coma Scale scores. Methods This prospective observational study evaluated Glasgow Coma Scale scoring agreement among 21 intensive care unit nurses and 2 independent researchers who assessed 202 patients with neurosurgical or neurological diseases. Each assessment was completed independently and within 1 minute. Participants had no knowledge of the others' assessments. Agreement between Glasgow Coma Scale component and sum scores recorded by the 2 researchers ranged from 89.5% to 95.9% (P = .001). Significant agreement among nurses and the 2 researchers was found for eye response (73.8%), motor response (75.0%), verbal response (68.1%), and sum scores (62.4%) (all P = .001). Significant agreement among nurses and the 2 researchers (55.2%) was also found for sum scores of patients with sum scores of 10 or less (P = .03). Although the study showed near-perfect agreement between the 2 researchers' Glasgow Coma Scale scores, agreement among nurses and the 2 researchers was moderate (not near perfect) for subcomponent and sum scores. Accurate Glasgow Coma Scale evaluation requires that intensive care unit nurses have adequate knowledge and skills. Educational strategies such as simulations or orientation practice with a preceptor nurse can help develop such skills. Although the study showed near-perfect agreement between the 2 researchers' Glasgow Coma Scale scores, agreement among nurses and the 2 researchers was moderate (not near perfect) for subcomponent and sum scores. Accurate Glasgow Coma Scale evaluation requires that intensive care unit nurses have adequate knowledge and skills. Educational strategies such as simulations or orientation practice with a preceptor nurse can help develop such skills. Sleep in the intensive care unit can be poorly consolidated and highly fragmented. This review examines the neurobiology of normal and abnormal sleep, with a focus on the changes that occur in the intensive care unit environment. Patients in the intensive care unit demonstrate a lack of rapid-eye-movement sleep and an inability to effectively transition from light to deep stages of sleep. These abnormalities can adversely affect hemodynamic parameters and physiological and psychological outcomes. To describe the brain mechanisms and electroencephalographic characteristics of wakefulness and the different stages of sleep. This review also describes how sleep can be altered by hospitalization in the intensive care unit and how nurses can design interventions that improve sleep and outcomes. The review examines sleep mechanisms, including brain electrical activity, regulatory centers in the brain, and circadian and diurnal patterns of sleep and hemodynamic function. Nursing interventions for specific patient risk factors in the intensive care unit are proposed. The review examines sleep mechanisms, including brain electrical activity, regulatory centers in the brain, and circadian and diurnal patterns of sleep and hemodynamic function. Nursing interventions for specific patient risk factors in the intensive care unit are proposed. Immobility contributes to many adverse effects in critically ill patients. Early progressive mobility can mitigate these negative sequelae but is not widely implemented. Appreciative inquiry is a quality improvement method/change philosophy that builds on what works well in an organization. To explore whether appreciative inquiry would reinvigorate an early progressive mobility initiative in a medical intensive care unit and improve and sustain staff commitment to providing regular mobility therapy at the bedside. Secondary goals were to add to the literature about appreciative inquiry in health care and to determine whether it can be adapted to critical care. Staff participated in appreciative inquiry workshops, which were conducted by a trained facilitator and structured with the appreciative inquiry 4-D cycle. Staff members' attitudes toward and knowledge of early progressive mobility were evaluated before and after the workshops. Performance of early progressive mobility activities was recorded before and 3 and 10 months after the workshops.

BACKGROUND Dasotraline is a long-acting dopamine/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor with a PK profile characterized by slow absorption and a t½ of 47-77 hours, permitting once-daily dosing. In a previous flexible dose study, dasotraline demonstrated significant efficacy in the treatment of binge-eating disorder (BED). The aim of this confirmatory fixed-dose study was to evaluate efficacy and safety of dasotraline in the treatment of patients with BED. METHODS Patients meeting DSM-5 criteria for BED were randomized to 12 weeks of double-blind treatment with dasotraline (4 mg/d or 6 mg/d), or placebo. The primary efficacy endpoint was change in number of binge-eating days per week at week 12. Secondary efficacy endpoints included changes at Week 12 on the Binge Eating Clinical Global Impression of Severity Scale (BE-CGI-S), the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale Modified for Binge Eating (Y-BOCS-BE), and the proportion of patients with 100% cessation of binge-eating episodes during the final 4 weeks of treatm funding from Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc.BACKGROUND SUSTAIN-2 (NCT02497287) was an open-label, phase III trial evaluating the safety of esketamine (ESK) nasal spray plus a newly initiated oral antidepressant (AD) for up to 1 year in adults with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). ESK is a schedule III drug that acts via glutamate receptor modulation. ESK is rapidly cleared from the plasma, and with intermittent dosing there is no accumulation. Thus, no withdrawal syndrome is expected. The current analysis assessed potential withdrawal symptoms in patients who discontinued ESK after long-term, intermittent use. In the absence of a glutamatergic-specific withdrawal scale, the Physicians Withdrawal Checklist1 (PWC-20) was used. The PWC-20 was designed to assess new or worsening benzodiazepine-like discontinuation symptoms after stopping non-SSRI anxiolytics. METHODS ESK nasal spray was administered two times per week during a 4-week induction phase (IND). https://www.selleckchem.com/products/epz011989.html Responders entered the optimization/maintenance phase (O/M) where ESK nasal spray was dosed eithS Data on 357 patients entering F/U were included in the analysis (91 completed treatment during the IND phase and 141 were treated during O/M). The mean (SD) PWC-20 total scores (range 0-60) at treatment endpoint, Week 1, 2 and 4 were 7.2 (6.8), 7.5(7.0), 7.4 (7.1) and 7.2 (6.9), respectively. At these same assessment times, mean PWC-WS scores (range 0-24) were 0.9 (1.7), 1.0 (1.7), 1.0 (1.8), and 0.9 (1.8). Mean PWC-DS scores (range 0-36) were 6.3 (5.6), 6.5 (5.7), 6.5 (5.8), and 6.3 (5.7), respectively. Complete analysis of data from the entire SUSTAIN-2 dataset will be presented. CONCLUSIONS No indication of drug-specific withdrawal symptoms was seen after stopping up to 1-year of intermittent treatment with ESK nasal spray for TRD. FUNDING ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Janssen Research and Development.The effectiveness of biofeedback therapy in treating headache has been explored in various clinical settings. However, few studies in the literature focused on well- diagnosed patients who failed properly applied analgesic treatment. The aim of the study is to explore whether the combination of biofeedback and analgesics is more effective than analgesics alone in treating patients with pharmacologically uncontrolled tension type headache and migraine. The hypothesis is that the combination of biofeedback and analgesics is more effective than analgesics alone in treating patients with uncontrolled tension type headache and migraine.Electromyographic and thermal biofeedback was utilized as an add-on treatment for 25 patients whose tension type headache and migraine was pharmacologically uncontrolled. The effect of the combination therapy was compared with the treatment effect of 25 similar patients, who continued receiving pharmacological treatment alone. All the subjects from the two groups were randomly selected from the pool of patients with uncontrolled tension type headache and migraine. The progress of two groups was closely monitored and data was collected for statistical analysis, which consists of Chi Square, non-parametric ANOVA, and Mann- Whitney U test.Some positive results were observed from the group of patients receiving combination therapy of biofeedback and analgesics, including reduced use of analgesics, reduced muscle tension, reduced pain score, decrease in intensity, frequency, and duration of headache. These positive outcomes were rarely observed from the comparison group, in which pharmacological treatment was continued alone.The results indicate that the addition of biofeedback to standard analgesic therapy may be more effective than analgesics alone in treating patients with uncontrolled tension type headache and migraine. Further research is suggested to validate these findings and improve treatment effectiveness.BACKGROUND Deutetrabenazine (Austedo) is approved by the FDA for treatment of tardive dyskinesia (TD) in adults. In the 12-week ARM-TD and AIM-TD studies, deutetrabenazine showed clinically significant improvements in Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) scores compared with placebo, and there were low rates of overall adverse events (AEs) and discontinuations associated with deutetrabenazine. The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term safety and tolerability of deutetrabenazine in patients with TD at 3 years. METHODS Patients who completed ARM-TD or AIM-TD were included in this open-label, single-arm extension study, in which all patients restarted/started deutetrabenazine 12 mg/day, titrating up to a maximum total daily dose of 48 mg/day based on dyskinesia control and tolerability. The study comprised a 6-week titration period and a long-term maintenance phase. Safety measures included incidence of AEs, serious AEs (SAEs), and AEs leading to withdrawal, dose reduction, or dose suspensidies and the safety of deutetrabenazine for long-term use in patients with TD.Funding Acknowledgements This study was funded by Teva Pharmaceuticals, Petach Tikva, Israel.BACKGROUND Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by the hyperkinetic movements of motor and phonic tics manifested in young age. Currently approved treatments in the United States are antipsychotics haloperidol, pimozide, and aripiprazole, which are associated with serious side effects, including tardive dyskinesia (TD). Deutetrabenazine, a vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 (VMAT2) inhibitor, was approved in 2017 by the US FDA for the treatment of chorea associated with Huntington's disease and TD. Three ongoing studies (Alternatives for Reducing Tics in TS [ARTISTS]) are evaluating the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of deutetrabenazine in reducing tics in TS in children and adolescents (age 6-16 years). METHODS ARTISTS 1, a phase 2/3, response-driven, dose-titration, placebo-controlled study, randomizes patients (N=116) 11 to deutetrabenazine or placebo for 12 weeks. ARTISTS 2, a phase 3, fixed-dose study, randomizes patients (N=150) 111 to deutetrabenazine high or low dose, or placebo for 8 weeks.

The accident scenario was applied using the U.S. EPA (Environment Protection Agency)'s worst leakage accident scenario, considering climate variables, air temperature, wind speed, and atmospheric stability. In the simulation, atmospheric stability did not affect the radius of thermal radiation. Moreover, the thermal radiation tended to increase with increase in wind speed in the ambient condition and winter, but not in summer. Because both PIP PNE00003 and GAP.2.5.2 yield consistent separation distances without considering storage capacity and weather conditions, quantitative risk analysis of the results of thermal radiation is necessary to ensure safety.Ciguatera poisoning (CP) is a common seafood intoxication mainly caused by the consumption of fish contaminated by ciguatoxins. Recent studies showed that Caribbean ciguatoxin-1 (C-CTX1) is the main toxin causing CP through fish caught in the Northeast Atlantic, e.g., Canary Islands (Spain) and Madeira (Portugal). The use of liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) combined with neuroblastoma cell assay (N2a) allowed the initial confirmation of the presence of C-CTX1 in contaminated fish samples from the abovementioned areas, nevertheless the lack of commercially available reference materials for these particular ciguatoxin (CTX) analogues has been a major limitation to progress research. The EuroCigua project allowed the preparation of C-CTX1 laboratory reference material (LRM) from fish species (Seriola fasciata) from the Madeira archipelago (Portugal). This reference material was used to implement a liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) for the detection of C-CTX1, acquisition of full-scan as well as collision-induced mass spectra of this particular analogue. Fragmentation pathways were proposed based on fragments obtained. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/sc79.html The optimized LC-HRMS method was then applied to confirm C-CTX1 in fish (Bodianus scrofa) caught in the Selvagens Islands (Portugal).Metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and ischemic heart disease are among the leading causes of death and disability in Western countries. Diabetic cardiomyopathy is responsible for the most severe signs and symptoms. An important strategy for reducing the incidence of cardiovascular disease is regular exercise. Remote ischemic conditioning has some similarity with exercise and can be induced by short periods of ischemia and reperfusion of a limb, and it can be performed in people who cannot exercise. There is abundant evidence that exercise is beneficial in diabetes and ischemic heart disease, but there is a need to elucidate the specific cardiovascular effects of emerging and unconventional forms of exercise in people with diabetes. In addition, remote ischemic conditioning may be considered among the options to induce beneficial effects in these patients. The characteristics and interactions of diabetes and ischemic heart disease, and the known effects of exercise and remote ischemic conditioning in the presence of metabolic syndrome and diabetes, are analyzed in this brief review.Wnt/β-catenin is a crucial repressor of adipogenesis. We have shown that E2 promoter binding factor 1 (E2F1) suppresses Wnt/β-catenin activity through transactivation of β-catenin interacting protein 1 (CTNNBIP1), also known as inhibitor of β-catenin and TCF4 (ICAT) in human colorectal cancers. However, it remains unknown whether ICAT is required for E2F1 to promote differentiation by inhibiting β-catenin activity in pre-adipocytes. In the present study, we found that 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine, dexamethasone, and insulin (MDI)-induced differentiation and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes was reversed by activation of β-catenin triggered by CHIR99021, a GSK3β inhibitor. Intriguingly, we observed a reduced protein level of E2F1 and ICAT at a later stage of pre-adipocytes differentiation. Importantly, overexpression of ICAT in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes markedly promote the adipogenesis and partially reversed the inhibitory effect of CHIR99021 on MDI-induced adipogenesis and lipid accumulation by regulating adipogenic regulators and Wnt/β-catenin targets. Moreover, pre-adipocytes differentiation induced by MDI were markedly inhibited in siE2F1 or siICAT transfected 3T3-L1 cells. Gene silencing of ICAT in the E2F1 overexpressed adipocytes also inhibited the adipogenesis. These data indicated that E2F1 is a metabolic regulator with an ability to promote pre-adipocyte differentiation by activating ICAT, therefore represses Wnt/β-catenin activity in 3T3-L1 cells. We also demonstrated that ICAT overexpression did not affect oleic acid-induced lipid accumulation at the surface of Hela and HepG2 cells. In conclusion, we show that E2F1 is a critical regulator with an ability to promote differentiation and adipogenesis by activating ICAT in pre-adipocytes.Free-formed frameworks are architecturally appealing constructions. They allow for maximum creative freedom as well as for a structural optimization of the support structure. The design and construction of these kind of structures is complex however, and therefore challenging, with each frame member having an individual length, each cladding plate an individual dimension and especially each knot having an individual geometry. The result is that geometry optimization and production technology become the most important processes when striving for an economic and ecological construction. The goals of the authors are the automation of the design process by applying a parametric model and the collection of the complete complexity in the knots as well as the production of these knots without material wastage by additive manufacturing. The development process was split into three different phases (1) Preliminary experiments determining the tension, compression and bending load-bearing behavior of the knots produced by additive manufacturing, using different polymer-based materials ABS, ASA, PA-CF, PA6CT, PCX, PETG and a mixture of PLA and ABS. (2) Development of an automated digital workflow for the design and production of these structures by the use of a parametric approach. (3) Design, production and assembly of a full-scale prototype in the form of a free-formed shell structure spanning an area of 20 m2. The prototype was made from fumed oak wood members in combination with white stained plywood panels connected by knots produced by Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) additive manufacturing, using polymer-based materials and screws. At the end of the contribution, a summary and an outlook on further research is given.

Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.INTRODUCTION  Currently, there are no existing benchmarks for evaluating a nation's pediatric surgical capacity in terms of met and unmet needs. MATERIALS AND METHODS  Data on pediatric operations performed from 2014 to 2015 were obtained from a representative sample of hospitals in Ghana, then scaled up for national estimates. Operations were categorized as "essential" (most cost-effective, highest population impact) as designated by the World Bank's Disease Control Priorities versus "other." Estimates were then compared with pediatric operation rates in New Zealand to determine unmet pediatric surgery need in Ghana. RESULTS  A total of 29,884 operations were performed for children less then 15 years, representing an annual operation rate of 284/100,000 (95% uncertainty interval 205-364). Essential procedures constituted 66% of all pediatric operations; 12,397 (63%) were performed at district hospitals. General surgery (8,808; 29%) and trauma (6,302; 21%) operations were most common. Operations for congenital conditions were few (826; 2.8%). Tertiary hospitals performed majority (55%) of operations outside of the essential category. Compared with the New Zealand benchmark (3,806 operations/100,000 children less then 15 years), Ghana is meeting only 7% of its pediatric surgical needs. CONCLUSION  Ghana has a large unmet need for pediatric surgical care. Pediatric-specific benchmarking is needed to guide surgical capacity efforts in low- and middle-income country healthcare systems. Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.Despite its first description more than 75 years ago, effective treatment for "Allan-Herndon-Dudley-Syndrome (AHDS)", an X-linked thyroid hormone transporter defect, is unavailable. Mutations in the SLC16A2 gene have been discovered to be causative for AHDS in 2004, but a comprehensive understanding of the function of the encoded protein, monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8), is incomplete. Patients with AHDS suffer from neurodevelopmental delay, as well as extrapyramidal (dystonia, chorea, athetosis), pyramidal (spasticity), and cerebellar symptoms (ataxia). This suggests an affection of the pyramidal tracts, basal ganglia, and cerebellum, most likely already during fetal brain development. The function of other brain areas relevant for mood, behavior, and vigilance seems to be intact. An optimal treatment strategy should thus aim to deliver T3 to these relevant structures at the correct time points during development. A potential therapeutic strategy meeting these needs might be the delivery of T3 via a "Trojan horse mechanism" by which T3 is delivered into target cells by a thyroid hormone transporter independent T3 internalization. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.Psoriasis (PsO) is a common, systemic, chronic, inflammatory disease characterized by key clinical symptoms, including itching, pain, and scaling. PsO is associated with a high prevalence of comorbidities, including other autoimmune diseases and malignancies. Furthermore, special populations, such as pregnant, pediatric, and elderly patients, and those with erythrodermic PsO, are challenging to treat and require tightly monitored disease and treatment management. Because certain populations have demographic or clinical characteristics that can affect the presentation of PsO and complicate treatment responses, these patient populations are largely excluded from clinical trials; therefore, most clinical evidence for the treatment of these patients is derived from case reports and series. Secukinumab, a fully human monoclonal interleukin-17A antibody, has been shown in several clinical trials to be effective and safe for the treatment of PsO; however, these studies offer only limited data on the use of secukinumab in patients with chronic illnesses or in special populations. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/7-12-dimethylbenz-a-anthracene-dmba.html This review explores the use of secukinumab for PsO in special populations, including pregnant women, children, elderly people, patients with erythrodermic PsO, and those with chronic illnesses, including latent tuberculosis, hepatitis B and C, HIV, multiple sclerosis, and malignancies.From current theories on life-history evolution, fast early-life growth to reach early reproduction in heavily hunted populations should be favored despite the possible occurrence of mortality costs later on. However, fast growth may also be associated with better individual quality and thereby lower mortality, obscuring a clear trade-off between early-life growth and survival. Moreover, fast early-life growth can be associated with sex-specific mortality costs related to resource acquisition and allocation throughout an individual's lifetime. In this study, we explore how individual growth early in life affects age-specific mortality of both sexes in a heavily hunted population. Using longitudinal data from an intensively hunted population of wild boar (Sus scrofa), and capture-mark-recapture-recovery models, we first estimated age-specific overall mortality and expressed it as a function of early-life growth rate. Overall mortality models showed that faster-growing males experienced lower mortality at all ages. Female overall mortality was not strongly related to early-life growth rate. We then split overall mortality into its two components (i.e., non-hunting mortality vs. hunting mortality) to explore the relationship between growth early in life and mortality from each cause. Faster-growing males experienced lower non-hunting mortality as subadults and lower hunting mortality marginal on age. Females of all age classes did not display a strong association between their early-life growth rate and either mortality type. Our study does not provide evidence for a clear trade-off between early-life growth and mortality.HYPOTHESIS Fusing shorter than the last touched vertebra (LTV) is a safe approach in flexible main thoracic (MT) adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) curves. METHODS This was a prospective study on consecutive AIS patients surgically treated with selective fusion of the MT curve. Fusion-level selection was based on the fulcrum-bending radiograph method. Patients were grouped based on the position of the lowest instrumented vertebra as proximal to the LTV (proxLTV, n = 43), at the LTV (atLTV, n = 45), and distal to the LTV (distLTV, n = 21). RESULTS A total of 109 patients were included in the study. Preoperatively, the distLTV group had greater lumbar Cobb angle, lumbar apical translation, and less flexibility in the MT curve. At 2-year follow-up, the groups did not differ in MT curve correction, but the distLTV had larger lumbar Cobb angle, more apical translation, and worse coronal balance. Distal adding-on was observed in 11 patients (26%) in the proxLTV group, four patients (9%) in the atLTV group, and one patient (5%) in the distLTV group (p = 0.

001). On the one hand, the results of the study indicate that, in patients giving birth, the infection control system is not sensitive enough, and on the other hand, more detailed studies need to cover primary referral hospitals, specifically. Conclusions The problem of the infection-associated hospitalizations in the postpartum period is not reliably assessed by infection control professionals and constitutes a challenge for surveillance, including prevention and control. Complications associated with childbirth should be an indication of the quality of healthcare provision and knowledge of the scale of the problem should be the basis for its evaluation and prevention. This is especially true for infections in puerperas.The hormone progesterone is important for preparing the uterine lining for egg implantation and in maintaining the early stages of pregnancy. The gene encoding the progesterone receptor (PGR) carries introgressed Neandertal haplotypes with two non-synonymous substitutions and a mobile Alu element. They have reached nearly 20% frequency in non-Africans and have been associated with preterm birth. Here we show that whereas one of the missense substitutions appears fixed among Neandertals, the other substitution as well as the Alu insertion were polymorphic among Neandertals. We show that two Neandertal haplotypes carrying the PGR gene entered the modern human population and that present-day carriers of the Neandertal haplotypes express higher levels of the receptor. In a cohort of present-day Britons, these carriers have more siblings, fewer miscarriages and less bleeding during early pregnancy suggesting that it promotes fertility. This may explain the high frequency of the Neandertal progesterone receptor alleles in modern human populations.Chaperone-Mediated-Autophagy (CMA) is a major pathway of lysosomal proteolysis recognized as a key player of the control of numerous cellular functions, and whose defects have been associated with several human pathologies. To date, this cellular function is presumed to be restricted to mammals and birds, due to the absence of an identifiable lysosome-associated membrane protein 2A (LAMP2A), a limiting and essential protein for CMA, in non-tetrapod species. However, the recent identification of expressed sequences displaying high homology with mammalian LAMP2A in several fish species challenges that view and suggests that CMA likely appeared earlier during evolution than initially thought. In the present study, we provide a comprehensive picture of the evolutionary history of the LAMP2 gene in vertebrates and demonstrate that LAMP2 indeed appeared at the root of the vertebrate lineage. Using a fibroblast cell line from medaka fish (Oryzias latipes), we further show that the splice variant lamp2a controls, upon long term starvation, the lysosomal accumulation of a fluorescent reporter commonly used to track CMA in mammalian cells. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/azd5991.html Finally, to address the physiological role of Lamp2a in fish, we generated knockout medaka for that specific splice variant, and found that these deficient fish exhibit severe alterations in carbohydrate and fat metabolisms, in consistency with existing data in mice deficient for CMA in liver. Altogether, our data provide the first evidence for a CMA-like pathway in fish and bring new perspectives on the use of complementary genetic models, such as zebrafish or medaka, for studying CMA in an evolutionary perspective.Motivation At present, a fundamental challenge in single-cell RNA-sequencing data analysis is functional interpretation and annotation of cell clusters. Biological pathways in distinct cell types have different activation patterns, which facilitates the understanding of cell functions using single-cell transcriptomics. However, no effective web tool has been implemented for single-cell transcriptome data analysis based on prior biological pathway knowledge. Results Here, we present scTPA, a web-based platform for pathway-based analysis of single-cell RNA-seq data in human and mouse. scTPA incorporates four widely-used gene set enrichment methods to estimate the pathway activation scores of single cells based on a collection of available biological pathways with different functional and taxonomic classifications. The clustering analysis and cell-type-specific activation pathway identification were provided for the functional interpretation of cell types from a pathway-oriented perspective. An intuitive interface allows users to conveniently visualize and download single-cell pathway signatures. Overall, scTPA is a comprehensive tool for the identification of pathway activation signatures for the analysis of single cell heterogeneity. Availability http//sctpa.bio-data.cn/sctpa. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.When new genes evolve through modification of existing genes, there are often trade-offs between the new and original functions, making gene duplication and amplification necessary to buffer deleterious effects on the original function. We have used experimental evolution of a bacterial strain lacking peptide release factor 1 (RF1) in order to study how peptide release factor 2 (RF2) evolves to compensate the loss of RF1. As expected, amplification of the RF2-encoding gene prfB to high copy number was a rapid initial response, followed by the appearance of mutations in RF2 and other components of the translation machinery. Characterization of the evolved RF2 variants by their effects on bacterial growth rate, reporter gene expression, and in vitro translation termination reveals a complex picture of reduced discrimination between the cognate and near cognate stop codons and highlight a functional trade-off that we term "collateral toxicity". We suggest that this type of trade-off may be a more serious obstacle in new gene evolution than the more commonly discussed evolutionary trade-offs between "old" and "new" functions of a gene, as it cannot be overcome by gene copy number changes. Further, we suggest a model for how RF2 autoregulation responds not only to alterations in the demand for RF2 activity, but also for RF1 activity.

Co3O4@rGO were facilely prepared by template free self-assemble in this study. The morphology of Co3O4@rGO was actiniaria-like core-shell structural nanocomposites. The formation mechanism of Co3O4@rGO core-shell nanocomposite was discussed according to its significant time-dependent morphology evolution course. To evaluate the application potential of Co3O4@rGO, its adsorption performance toward highly toxic antimony ions were studied. The Co3O4@rGO nanocomposite exhibit high anti-interference ability and high adsorption ability. The maximum adsorption capacities towards Sb(III) and Sb(V) are 151.04 and 165.51 mg/g, respectively. River water samples containing antimony violating the limit were used to evaluate the practical application of Co3O4@rGO, and high performance was achieved. The EU and China limits for antimony in drinking water can be met by using mesoporous Co3O4@rGO treating the actual river water samples with original antimony concentration lower than 50 μg/L. Adsorption isotherm, adsorption kinetics, pH and co-existing ions effects were also studied in details. The results indicate that mesoporous Co3O4@rGO is an excellent adsorbent for antimony removal. Mesoporous Co3O4@rGO nanocomposite is a potential candidate for antimony removal from waste water.Thermal energy recovery from drinking water has a high potential in the application of sustainable building and industrial cooling. However, drinking water and biofilm microbial qualities should be concerned because the elevated water temperature after cold recovery may influence the microbial activities in water and biofilm phases in drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs). In this study, the effect of cold recovery on microbial qualities was investigated in a chlorinated DWDS. The chlorine decay was slight (1.1%-15.5%) due to a short contact time (~60 s) and was not affected by the cold recovery (p > 0.05). The concentrations of cellular ATP and intact cell numbers in the bulk water were partially inactivated by the residual chlorine, with the removal rates of 10.1%-16.2% and 22.4%-29.4%, respectively. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ulixertinib-bvd-523-vrt752271.html The chlorine inactivation was probably promoted by heat exchangers but was not further enhanced by higher temperatures. The higher water temperature (25 °C) enhanced the growth of biofilm biomass on pipelines. Principle coordination analysis (PCoA) showed that the biofilms on the stainless steel plates of HEs and the plastic pipe inner surfaces had totally different community compositions. Elevated temperatures favored the growth of Pseudomonas spp. and Legionella spp. in the biofilm after cold recovery. The community functional predictions revealed more abundances of five human diseases (e.g. Staphylococcis aureus infection) and beta-lactam resistance pathways in the biofilms at higher temperature. Compared with a previous study with a non-chlorinated DWDS, chlorine dramatically reduced the biofilm biomass growth but raised the relative abundances of the chlorine-resistant genera (i.e. Pseudomonas and Sphingomonas) in bacterial communities.Recent advances in understanding of biological mechanisms and adverse outcome pathways for many exposure-related diseases show that certain common mechanisms involve thresholds and nonlinearities in biological exposure concentration-response (C-R) functions. These range from ultrasensitive molecular switches in signaling pathways, to assembly and activation of inflammasomes, to rupture of lysosomes and pyroptosis of cells. Realistic dose-response modeling and risk analysis must confront the reality of nonlinear C-R functions. This paper reviews several challenges for traditional statistical regression modeling of C-R functions with thresholds and nonlinearities, together with methods for overcoming them. Statistically significantly positive exposure-response regression coefficients can arise from many non-causal sources such as model specification errors, incompletely controlled confounding, exposure estimation errors, attribution of interactions to factors, associations among explanatory variables, or coincident historical trends. If so, the unadjusted regression coefficients do not necessarily predict how or whether reducing exposure would reduce risk. We discuss statistical options for controlling for such threats, and advocate causal Bayesian networks and dynamic simulation models as potentially valuable complements to nonparametric regression modeling for assessing causally interpretable nonlinear C-R functions and understanding how time patterns of exposures affect risk. We conclude that these approaches are promising for extending the great advances made in statistical C-R modeling methods in recent decades to clarify how to design regulations that are more causally effective in protecting human health.The aim of this study was to examine the qualitative and quantitative analysis of Pb2+ adsorption mechanisms performed with biochars derived from rice straw (RSBs), rice husk (RHBs) and saw dust (SDBs) at several pyrolysis temperatures (400-600 °C) in a fluidized bed system. Adsorption isotherms, kinetics, and desorption analysis were determined, and biochars were analyzed by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope with Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (SEM-EDS) and Boehm titration method. The effect of minerals on Pb2+ adsorption, including precipitation and cation exchange, revealed increasing contribution of precipitation from a range of 4.13%-38.83% to a range of 34.08%-79.94% and decreasing effect of cation exchange from a range of 50.17%-69.75% to a range of 9.57%-43.47% with increasing pyrolysis temperature. However, it remained the dominant adsorption mechanism of all biochars (accounted for 69.49-89.52%). Especially, RSBs with quite high maximum adsorption capacity (qm) values (116-127.57 mgg-1) were mainly due to precipitation mechanism of Pb2+ adsorption, which exhibited better adsorption capacities than RHBs (25.15-30.40 mgg-1) and SDBs (21.81-24.05 mgg-1). Only with the fluidized bed shown in this study, 2.00t RSBs could be produced and the corresponding Pb2+ adsorption may reach 255.50kg per year depending on its maximum adsorption capacity under 500 °C pyrolysis temperature. The results suggest that RSBs produced in a fluidized bed reactor is a promising, cost-effective, engineered biochar for application of Pb2+ remediation in aqueous solutions.