Biting midges (Ceratopogonidae) are a relatively well-studied family of nematocerous flies (Borkent Dominiak 2020), but the ceratopogonid fauna of the Middle East is not well known. To date, only 264 species from this family have been recorded in this entire region (Alwin et al. 2016a, b) and just 53 in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) (Szadziewski et al. 2011, Alwin et al. 2016a, b). Here, we report on three species of biting midges new to the fauna of the UAE.The Solimões Formation (Eocene-Pliocene) is a well-known geological unit due to the great diversity of crocodylian species. Here we describe a new species of Melanosuchus, M. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/mivebresib-abbv-075.html latrubessei sp. nov., from the Talismã locality, state of Amazonas, from the Upper Miocene of the Solimões Formation (Solimões Basin, Brazil). A new phylogenetic inference focused on Caimaninae is provided and the different evolutionary scenarios involving this new species are discussed. In addition, quantitative morphology studies are carried out and comments regarding the paleoecology aspects of this new species are made. M. latrubessei represents a medium-sized generalist predator, being proportional to the medium-sized M. niger. This new species inhabited the drainages of the Solimões Formation and was ecologically related to other taxa of crocodylians during the proto-Amazon Miocene. The evolutionary advantages of Melanosuchus genus are discussed to better understand the biogeographical occurrence of M. niger in South America, a species which survives to this day in contrast to several other species that became extinct during the Miocene-Pliocene periods. The extinction of the Miocene-Pliocene crocodylian taxa of the Solimões Formation, including Melanosuchus latrubessei, seems to be directly related with the uplift of the northern portions of the Andes, which generated significantly changes in drainages and Amazon paleoenvironments.The taxonomic problems surrounding the taxon Barsine orientalis bigamica Černý Pinratana, 2009 are preliminary elucidated. B. orientalis bigamica is raised to a specific level B. bigamica stat. nov. Barsine kampoli Černý, 2009 syn. nov. is synonymized with B. bigamica and the true holotype of this taxon is clarified. Barsine tongi Huang Volynkin sp. nov., a new species externally similar to B. bigamica is described from Hainan Island, S. China. The adult and genitalia of the species aforementioned and related are illustrated.Zaragozachthonius siculus n. gen. n. sp. is described from Sicily and Z. karamanianus (Hadži, 1937) (n. comb.), originally described from Macedonia, is newly recorded from central-southern Italy and Sicily. Relationships of the genus Zaragozachthonius among the other Chthonius-related genera sensu Zaragoza (2017), are discussed and a diagnostic key is proposed.A new fish species from the South China Sea, Pegasus nanhaiensis sp. nov., is described herein. The new species is readily distinguished from all other species of the genus Pegasus with the following characteristics A rounded hump-like tubercle on each of dorsal plates I, II, and III. Noticeable hexagonal patterns on the dorsal carapace with a clear boundary, and two paired caudolateral plates overlapping the junctions between tail rings II and III, and between tail rings IV and V. The integrated evidence from both morphological and genetic studies indicates that P. nanhaiensis represents an independent lineage within the genus Pegasus.Mealybugs (Hemiptera Coccomorpha Pseudococcidae) are important pests in fruit production in Uruguay; however, very little is known about the species involved. A survey of mealybugs associated especially with fruit crops (apple, citrus, figs, grapes, pears, quince and strawberry), and other crops like vegetables and sugar cane, ornamentals and weeds was performed between 2017 and 2019 in Uruguay, using integrated taxonomy (morphology and DNA analyses) for their identification. A total of 19 mealybug species were identified. The most common species were Planococcus ficus (Signoret), Pseudococcus scatoterrae Granara de Willink and Pseudococcus viburni (Signoret) on fruits, and Phenacoccus madeirensis Green, Phenacoccus peruvianus Granara de Willink and Planococcus citri (Risso) on ornamental plants, all of them causing damage to their hosts. This study presents nine new species records for Uruguay, besides the description of two new species. An identification key to the mealybugs in Uruguay is provided.One new species of Eremus Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1888 is reported from Southwest China, Yunnan. The morphological features are described, and provided with colored charts of classification features. Up to now, only two species have been described in the Chinese fauna. Type specimen is deposited in the Institute of Entomoceutics Research, Dali University (DUIER).Heteromysoides taramensis, a new species of the family Mysidae (Mysida) is described from an anchialine cave on Tarama Island, Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan. This species differs from its congeners by the following combination of characters eyes subrectangular in dorsal aspect without process; cornea developed; telson distally rounded, 1.3 times as long as maximum width, with 5 or 6 pairs of simple spines distolaterally, 1 pair of long simple spines subapically and 1 pair of short simple spines apically; antennal scale elongated elliptical, extending to distal margin of antennular peduncle; antennal sympod with distomesial corner produced into blunt tooth; and endopod of third thoracopod with simple, not subchelate, termination.Megarthrus budai Liu and Cuccodoro sp. nov. from Sichuan province in China is described. It is the first record of the genus from Mount Emei, a temperate biodiversity-rich mountain to which this new species seems to be endemic. Megarthrus basicornis Fauvel, 1904, known so far only from India and Nepal, is reported from China for the first time.These two species have many features found mainly in members of the predominantly Holarctic and African M. depressus supergroup of species.Microcambeva bendego, a small psammophilous catfish species, is described from the rio Guapi-Macacu basin at Guanabara Bay in Rio de Janeiro State, an Atlantic Forest remnant. This coastal drainage has been explored by several naturalists and fish researchers since the 19th century. It is a drainage with remarkably high endemism and species richness, and some recently-described and threatened species. The new species is distinguished from all congeners by two distinctive characters long finger-like projections in the branchial isthmus and a large opercular patch of odontodes with 19 odontodes. Due to the paucity of specimens (n=3) osteological features of the new species were accessed by CT-Scan images of the holotype. Microcambeva bendego shares putative synapomorphies with two congeners, M. ribeirae and M. filamentosa, such as the fusion of supraorbital pore s6, the absence of ossification in the anterior autopalatine cartilage, the presence of an elongated and wide posterior process of the autopalatine, and a concavity on the dorsal process of the opercle.