Objective To analyze the malignant probability of thyroid nodules with the diagnosis of atypia of undetermined significance or follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) determined by fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and to explore the value of the combined application of BRAFV600E gene detection for the diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Methods A total of 114 patients including 20 males and 94 females, aged 16-76 years old with thyroid nodules underwent FNA examination and surgical treatment in the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University from October 2018 to November 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Postoperative histopathological results were used as the gold standard for the diagnosis of malignant thyroid nodules. The malignant rate of thyroid nodules with the diagnosis of AUS/FLUS was evaluated. Differential diagnostic efficacy of preoperative FNA combined with BRAFV600E gene detection for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) was analyzed by McNemer test and diagnostic test evaluation method. Results The mutation rate of BRAFV600E gene was 84.76% (89/105) in PTC. PTC accounted for 57.14% (12/21) of the patients with the diagnoses of AUS/FLUS determined by FNA. The specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of BRAFV600E mutation examination for the diagnosis of malignant thyroid nodules determined preoperatively as AUS/FLUS were 9/9, 5/12, 5/5 and 9/16, respectively. BRAFV600E mutation examination could improve the detection rate of PTC in patients with AUS/FLUS (OR=0.438, 95%CI=0.251-0.763, P=0.016). Conclusion FNA combined with BRAFV600E mutation examination can significantly improve the detection rate of malignant thyroid nodules diagnosed preoperatively as AUS/FLUS.Objective To explore the clinical features and pathogenic mechanisms of a special syndrome with congenital sensorineural hearing loss, albinism, heterochromia iridis, nystagmus and myelin dysplasia. Methods Detailed medical history, systematic audiology tests, ophthalmic and neurological examinations were carried out to analyze the clinical features of the child, and further molecular genetic tests including chromosome karyotype analysis, and deafness gene screening were conducted. Results A new de novo heterozygous mutation (c.336G>T/p.Met112Ile) was detected in the child, while both his parents were demonstrated to be wild-type and symptom free. The analysis of clinical features indicated the diagnosis of PCW syndrome. Conclusion This study identified a new mutation of SOX10 gene, which enriched the mutation spectrum of this gene. And the analysis of clinical characteristics of this patient also expanded the phenotype of this gene. This study provided a reference for clinical diagnosis and genetic diagnosis of PCW syndrome.Objective To investigate the consistency of Velum, Oropharygneal, Tongue base, Epiglottis (VOTE) scores between two surgeons with similar clinical experience in obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) patients with different degree of disease, and to analyze the influencing factors leading to the difference in score. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. 64 preoperative drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) videos of OSAHS patients during December 2014 to July 2018, from Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University were analyzed. The VOTE score was assessed single-blind by two similar experienced surgeons, and the Kappa value between the two scorers was calculated by the third researcher. According to the characteristics of the case, Fisher's exact test or chi-square test method was used to further explore the factors that influenced the consistency. Results Sixty-four patients were divided into four groups according to the severity of the disease, including mild (7 cases), moderate (30 cases), sseverity of the disease. Better consistency is observed among more severe OSAHS patients. The reason for the poor consistency of the oropharyngeal plane in severe OSAHS patients OSAHS is due to the difference of the tonsils size. For severe OSAHS patients with small tonsils, the assessment of whether the oropharynx is obstructed should be more cautious.Objective To evaluate the accuracy of diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI-MRI) combined with high resolution temporal bone CT (HRCT) in the location diagnosis of middle ear cholesteatoma and its value in the postoperative follow-up. Methods 134 patients with inital cholesteatoma and 22 patients with suspected recurrent cholesteatoma were selected for HRCT, conventional MRI and DWI examination. Based on the intraoperative and pathological diagnosis, DWI and HRCT images were combined to evaluate the consistency between the lesion location and invasion area of the initial cholesteatoma and intraoperative lesions. The results of HRCT and DWI in the diagnosis of recurrent middle ear cholesteatoma were statistically analyzed to evaluate their diagnostic efficacy. Results The accuracy rate of DWI combined with HRCT was 90.3%.The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of HRCT and DWI in the diagnosis of recurrent middle ear cholesteatoma were 27.8%, 75.0%, 83.3%, 18.8% and 100%, 75.0%, 94.7% and 100%, respectively, and the Kappa values consistent with the pathological results were 0.024 and 0.843, respectively. Chi-square test confirmed that there were differences in the diagnosis between groups (P less then 0.001). Conclusions Combined with the high sensitivity of DWI and the high resolution of HRCT, the accuracy of preoperative positioning of the newly diagnosed cholesteatoma can be improved and surgery strategy can be guided. DWI is also of high diagnostic value for recurrent cholesteatoma in the middle ear.Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with pharyngeal symptoms. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/muvalaplin.html Methods From January 10 to May 15, 2020, clinical data of 1 228 patients with COVID-19 in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University was collected (554 males and 674 females, with the range of age from 10 to 95 years old, the average age was 55.2 years old). The patients were divided into pharyngeal symptoms group (PS, 126 cases) and non-pharyngeal symptoms group (Non-PS, 1 102 cases) according to the presence or absence of pharyngeal symptoms such as pharyngalgia, pharyngeal dryness, pharyngeal itching, and pharyngeal foreign body sensation. The clinical data in terms of age, sex, medical history, duration of symptoms, treatment time, clinical classification, pulmonary imaging findings, whole blood cell count, serum hypersensitivity C-reactive protein, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin were statistically analyzed between the two groups. Chi-square, Fisher's exact test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for statistical analysis.