Leadership is a critical aspect of residency training; however, little guidance is provided in the literature regarding practical implementation of leadership training within residency programming. Programming was developed within a second-year (PGY-2) critical care residency program to meet the educational and leadership needs of the residents. The format of the meetings has evolved over time from a journal club-style format to an interdisciplinary format discussing far more than literature. With the residents taking the lead in the biweekly educational sessions, there is great opportunity for leadership development. Similar programming has the potential to strengthen residency experiences for residents in other programs. © 2019 American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy.Objective. To design, implement, and psychometrically evaluate a situational judgement test (SJT) to use as a formative assessment of pharmacy students' non-academic skills in an Australian-based university. Methods. An SJT was developed using a previously validated design process including involvement of subject matter experts. The first phase included design of a blueprint through stakeholder consultation and the development of bespoke attribute definitions and a tool specification. Following on from this, SJT items were developed through subject matter expert interviews and in-depth review process. Results. Students (702) from four different cohorts (first through fourth years) of a Bachelor of Pharmacy degree program completed the situational judgment test. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Cyt387.html Data from 648 students was eligible for inclusion in the analysis. The SJT demonstrated good reliability, appropriateness for use (difficulty and quality), fairness, and face validity. The variability in students' scores suggested that the SJT may be a useful metric to identify students most in need of additional support. Conclusion. Evaluation of the SJT demonstrated that the tool was valid, reliable, fair and appropriate to use as a formative assessment. Through implementing an SJT such as this, pharmacy students are provided the opportunity to receive feedback on their non-academic skills and consider how to approach challenging or unfamiliar situations before entering the profession. © 2019 American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy.Objective. To explore and evaluate pharmacy students' perceptions of the value and relevance of virtual community and virtual hospital on-campus placement programs. Methods. Students enrolled in a Master of Pharmacy program completed the required Virtual Community Placement (VCP) program and/or the Virtual Hospital Placement (VHP) program. A six-item questionnaire was administered to students after completion of each of the virtual programs to elicit students' perceptions of the value and relevance of the virtual programs. Additional data related to the relevance of specific workshops were collected, including students' self-reported confidence levels to undertake placement in a real-world setting following completion of the virtual programs. Results. Surveys were completed by 61 students in the VCP program and 50 students in the VHP program. Students perceived the virtual programs to be beneficial, with the majority (84% of the VCP students and 98% of the VHP students) reporting that the programs should be an essential component of any pharmacy degree. The majority of students (72%) self-reported an increase in their confidence levels in undertaking a real-world experiential placement after they completed their virtual hospital placement. Conclusion. Completing virtual placement programs prior to pharmacy students beginning their first "real world" pharmacy placements had a positive effect on student learning and confidence levels. Pharmacy students' feedback from this study regarding the relevance of specific learning modules and laboratory sessions will inform future curriculum development of the virtual placement programs. © 2019 American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy.Obstetric fistula is a hidden tragedy in the developing world, prevention is important and treatment is by surgical repair. However, failure, broken fistula, stress incontinence often demoralizes surgeons and patients. Keywords Fistula repair; Obstetric fistula; Obstructed delivery.The promulgation of constitution of Nepal in 2015 has shifted the unitary government of Nepal towards federalism with significant devolution of power to seven newly created provinces, each with their own unicameral legislature. The major challenges during the transition phase in health sector are spillover effects, unclear roles and responsibilities of local authorities, human resource management and strengthening capacity at local level as per local need. Despite these challenges, federalism brings fertile ground for the local government to work more closely with their people; with more effective financing and planning based on evidences and their need. Keywords Federalism; health sector; Nepal; challenges; opportunities.Varicella Zoster is dermatomal neuropathic disease caused by reactivation of varicella zoster virus, characterized by vesico-bullous eruptions. The sacral dermatomal involvement in shingles is a rare phenomenon but well recognized cause of urinary retention, bladder dysfunction but rarely erectile dysfunction. We present a case of sacral herpes zoster with erectile dysfunction in a sexually active adult male. Keywords Erectile Dysfunction; herpes zoster; Nepal.Calcific tendinitis occurs frequently in shoulder and hip region. Its occurrence in elbow joint is frequently misdiagnosed because of its rare incidence and similar clinical presentation with other acute conditions of elbow like trauma, infection and tennis elbow. Characteristic symptoms of this condition are acute onset of pain, tenderness and swelling on the lateral aspect the elbow. Plain Radiograph is the primary modality to distinguish and evaluate this condition. Awareness and familiarity with this condition helps in early diagnosis and avoids unnecessary treatments and biopsy as this condition is self-limited. Keywords Calcific tendinitis; self-limited; tennis elbow.