Hierarchical nano/micro-structured photocatalysts design draws attention to enhance photocatalytic performances. In this work, first time we report d eep eutectic solvents (DESs) assisted synthesis of flower structured BiOCl/BiVO 4 (BOC/BVO) with g-C 3 N 4 (BOC/BVO/g-CN) ternary heterojunction composites were successfully prepared using a simple wet-chemical method as a good acidic and alkaline oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts. The OER activity showed on BOC/BVO/g-CN-15 achieved an enhanced photocatalytic activity with overpotential of 570 mV in 1M H 2 SO 4 and 220 mV in 1M KOH electrolyte at the current density of 10 mA cm -2 with excellent stability and extraordinary durability of the catalysts. The ternary heterojunctions reveal the extended lifetime of photogenerated charges and enhanced the separation efficiency of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, which is helpful to enhance the photocatalytic OER. Furthermore, we demonstrate the photocatalytic active performance of ternary heterojunctions in aqueous solution by using the photocatalytic dye degradation of methyl orange (MO) as a model pollutant displays a 95% degradation of 20 ppm of MO in 210 minutes under the irradiation of a 35 W Xe arc lamp. This works not only provides new insight into the design of catalysts using green solvents method, but also the design of highly efficient metal-free OER photocatalysts for applications in acidic and alkaline media. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.OBJECTIVE To identify the extent to which opioid prescribing rates for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) varied in the U.S. and to determine the implications of baseline opioid prescribing rates on future probability of chronic opioid use. METHODS We identified patients with RA from physicians who contributed ≥10 patients within the first 12 months of participation in the Consortium of Rheumatology Researchers of North America (Corrona) RA registry. Baseline opioid prescribing rate was calculated by dividing the number of patients with RA reporting opioid use during the first 12 months by the number of patients with RA providing data that year. To estimate odds ratios (ORs) for chronic opioid use, we used generalized linear mixed models. RESULTS The percent of patients who reported chronic opioid use during the follow-up period was 7.0% (163/2322) in the very low (referent) intensity prescribing group compared to 6.8% (153/2254) in the low intensity prescribing group, 12.5% (294/2352) in the moderate prescribing group, and 12.7% (307/2409) in the high prescribing group. The OR (95% confidence interval) for chronic opioid use after the baseline period was 1.16 (0.79 to 1.70) for patients of low prescribing physicians, 1.89 (1.27 to 2.82) for patients of moderate prescribing physicians, and 2.01 (1.43 to 2.83) for patients of high prescribing physicians, compared to very low prescribing physicians. CONCLUSIONS Rates of opioid prescriptions varied widely. Baseline opioid prescribing rates were a strong predictor of whether a patient would become a chronic opioid user in the future, after controlling for patient characteristics. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Class II transactivator (CIITA) is a master regulator of MHC gene expression and plays a role in inducing the expression of other immune system genes, including IL-4, IL-10 and Fas ligand, as well as more than 60 other immunologically significant genes. We used CIITA as a candidate gene to analyse whether any single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. In total, 773 patients with chronic HBV infection were enrolled in this hospital-based case-control study. The patients were divided into groups according to their clinical characteristics 596 patients had chronic hepatitis B (CHB), and 177 patients had hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A total of 313 patients with self-limited HBV infection were selected as the control group. CIITA gene variants were screened using Haploview 4.2 software; improved multiplex ligation detection reaction technology was then used for genotype detection, and HaploReg v4.1 was employed to predict the functions of 15 variants. The results showed that SNPs in introns in the CIITA gene, namely, rs13333382 (TT + TA vs. AA p = .003, odds ratio (OR) = 0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.49-0.87) and rs4780335 (CC + CG vs. GG p = 9.40 × 10-5 , OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.41-0.74), were positively associated with self-limited HBV infection in the dominant genetic model. Additionally, SNP rs1139564 (TT + TC vs. CC p = .002, OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.19-2.16) in the 3' untranslated region may increase the risk of CHB. According to in silico analysis, all three statistically significant variants act as transcription factor binding motifs. However, we did not find that these 15 mutations are associated with HCC risk. Therefore, we believe that CIITA is a susceptibility gene for CHB rather than for HCC. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.SCOPE Procyanidin C1 (PC1) is an epicatechin trimer found mainly in grapes that is reported to provide several health benefits. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/nvp-bsk805.html However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying these benefits. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the molecular mechanisms by which PC1 operates. METHODS AND RESULTS A 67-kDa laminin receptor (67LR) is identified as a cell surface receptor of PC1, with a Kd value of 2.8 µm. PC1 induces an inhibitory effect on growth, accompanied by dephosphorylation of the C-kinase potentiated protein phosphatase-1 inhibitor protein of 17 kDa (CPI17) and myosin regulatory light chain (MRLC) proteins, followed by actin cytoskeleton remodeling in melanoma cells. These actions are mediated by protein kinase A (PKA) and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activation once PC1 is bound to 67LR. CONCLUSION It is demonstrated that PC1 elicits melanoma cell growth inhibition by activating the 67LR/PKA/PP2A/CPI17/MRLC pathway. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.BACKGROUND Elevated estrogen (E) levels caused by aging or exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals are related to prostate disease development. Sixty to seventy percent of prostate cancer or benign prostatic hyperplasia patients are over the age of 65, while prostatitis is likely to occur in men under 45 years. MicroRNAs currently represent a class of distinctive biological indicators to be used for clinical disease diagnosis and treatment monitoring. This study aims to identify microRNAs that could serve as potential biomarkers for prostate disorders induced by elevated E levels according to their altered expression in prostate or plasma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Groups of Sprague-Dawley rats (offspring) were dosed with estradiol benzoate (EB) on postnatal days 1, 3 and 5, and subcutaneously implanted with tubes containing testosterone (T)/E on postnatal day 90. Expression levels of prostate and plasma microRNAs were evaluated using microRNA microarray and validated via qRT-PCR. The expression levels of the potential targeted genes of a set of identified microRNAs were also examined by qRT-PCR.