(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).Growing evidence for moment-to-moment fluctuations in visual attention has led to questions about the impetus and time course of cognitive control. These questions are typically investigated with paradigms like the flanker task, which require participants to inhibit an automatic response before making a decision. Connectionist modeling work suggests that between-trial changes in attention result from fluctuations in conflict-as conflict occurs, attention needs to be upregulated to resolve it. Current sequential sampling models (SSMs) of within-trial effects, however, suggest that attention focuses on a goal-relevant target as a function of time. We propose that within-trial changes in cognitive control and attention are emergent properties of the dynamics of the decision itself. We tested our hypothesis by developing a set of SSMs, each making alternative assumptions about attention modulation and evidence accumulation mechanisms. Combining the SSM framework with likelihood-free Bayesian approximation methods allowed us to conduct quantified comparisons between subject-level fits. Models included either time- or control-based attention mechanisms, and either strongly- (via feedforward inhibition) or weakly correlated (via leak and lateral inhibition) evidence accumulation mechanisms. We fit all models to behavioral data collected in variants of the flanker task, one accompanied by EEG measures. Across three experiments, we found converging evidence that control-based attention processes in combination with evidence accumulation mechanisms governed by leak and lateral inhibition provided the best fits to behavioral data, and uniquely mapped onto observed decision-related signals in the brain. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).Humans have the tendency to commit to a single interpretation of what has caused some observed evidence rather than considering all possible alternatives. This tendency can explain various forms of biases in cognition and perception. However, committing to a single high-level interpretation seems short-sighted and irrational, and thus it is unclear why humans are motivated to use such strategy. In a first step toward answering this question, we systematically quantified how this strategy affects estimation accuracy at the feature level in the context of 2 common hierarchical inference tasks, category-based perception and causal cue combination. Using model simulations, we demonstrate that although estimation accuracy is generally impaired when conditioned on only a single high-level interpretation, the reduction is not uniform across the entire feature range. Compared with a full inference strategy that considers all high-level interpretations, accuracy is only worse for feature values relatively close to the decision boundaries but is better everywhere else. That is, for feature values for which an observer has a reasonably high chance of being correct about the high-level interpretation of the feature, a full commitment to that particular interpretation is advantageous. We also show that conditioning on an preceding high-level interpretation provides an effective mechanism for partially protecting the evidence from corruption with late noise in the inference process (e.g., during retention in and recall from working memory). Our results suggest that a top-down inference strategy that solely relies on the most likely high-level interpretation can be favorable with regard to late noise and more holistic performance metrics. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).Recent trends in the labor market-marked by instability and insecurity-have further ignited a discourse on the significance of decent work in people's lives. Scholars have mostly studied the multidimensional decent work construct using the composite scores of the Decent Work Scale (DWS; Duffy et al., 2017). However, there may be different combinations of decent work beyond the simple continuum of composite scores. Thus, we employed latent profile analysis to identify profiles of decent work using the 5 subscales of the DWS as indicators. As a result, 5 different groups with distinct profiles emerged (a) average, (b) low health care, (c) indecent work, (d) only health care, and (e) decent work. Subsequent analyses comparing each group on demographics (gender, employment, education), theoretical predictors (economic constraints, marginalization, work volition), and theoretical outcomes (job satisfaction, life satisfaction) revealed notable differences across the 5 groups. Implications, limitations, and future directions of the results are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).In this qualitative study, we explored the role that social activism and #MeToo and other large scale antiviolence activist movements may play in sexual assault survivors' healing process and how they navigate and make sense of their sexual assault experience. We interviewed 16 adult sexual assault survivors (13 women, 2 genderqueer/nonconforming individuals, and 1 identifying as a man and genderqueer) who were engaged in anti-sexual assault activism and analyzed their data using thematic analysis. Participants were predominately White and highly educated. We found that activism helped participants find their voice and regain their power. https://www.selleckchem.com/Bcl-2.html They described a process of moving from silence and shame around their sexual assault to freedom and empowerment. Their involvement in activism and/or connection to larger scale antiviolence activist movements (a) helped increase their understanding of themselves and their sexual assault experience, (b) served as a useful coping mechanism, (c) improved their self-confidence and relationships, (d) allowed them to stand up and speak out against attitudes and behaviors that foster rape culture, (e) provided support, validation, and connection to others, and (f) provided a source of meaning and fulfillment in their lives. Helping other survivors through their activist work also contributed to participants' healing process. Participants also described challenges associated with anti-sexual assault activism and #MeToo and related movements. These included being triggered, being inundated with media coverage and public narratives about sexual assault, burning out, and feeling disillusioned and frustrated. Finally, participants noted the importance of mainstream movements in increasing awareness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).