To determine the sociodemographic, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of influenza pneumonia patients in tertiary care hospital, Karachi Pakistan. A cross-sectional study. The Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi Pakistan from January 2013 to December 2018. Methodology All adult patients who were older than 18 years and suspected to have viral pneumonia were included in the study. Data were abstracted on 105 patientsand were entered on preformed proforma after reviewing the files of patients. Ninety-four (89.5%) patients were influenza positive and 15.2% (n=16) had been vaccinated. Around 92.4% (n=97), 81.9% (n=86) and 61.9% (n=65) patients had cough, fever and shortness of breath, respectively; and 63.8% (n=67), 16.2% (n=17), and 2.9% (n=3) patients had consolidation, nodules, and cavitation, respectively. Almost 91.4% (n=96) patients were given treatment and discharged home; however, 7.6% (n=8) died. Procalcitonin, creatinine, HCO3 , lactate, and bilirubin level were increased in 2nd group (mortality group) after 48 hours; however, the results were only significant for HCO3 (p = 0.035). Influenza pneumonia is very common in our population and older people are more likely to be affected by this disease. Patients can be prevented from adverse outcomes and complications, if diagnosed and treated in time. Key Words Influenza, Clinical characteristics, Outcome, Patients. Influenza pneumonia is very common in our population and older people are more likely to be affected by this disease. Patients can be prevented from adverse outcomes and complications, if diagnosed and treated in time. Key Words Influenza, Clinical characteristics, Outcome, Patients. To investigate the efficacy of intraoperative leak test (IOLT) by methylene blue to identify the presence of leak during standardised sleeve gastrectomy (SG) procedure. Cross-sectional comparative study. Department of General Surgery, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkery, between January 2017 and December 2018. A total of 226 consecutive sleeve gastrectomised patients, on whom IOLT was not performed, were included in the study, and were named as group 1. In order to compare with these patients, 226 consecutive sleeve gastrectomised patients, on whom IOLT was performed, were named as group 2. The groups were compared for postoperative leak, other complications, and mortality. In group 1, leakage was detected in two patients. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/msu-42011.html Although IOLT was negative in all patients of group 2, leakage was detected in two patients. The leakage rate (1.6%) was similar in both groups. In IOLT group, sensitivity and positive predictive value of IOLT was 0%; and negative predictive value was 99.1%. The routine use of an IOLT did not reduce the incidence of postoperative leak. IOLT should not be routinely performed, rather it would be appropriate for selected patients. Key Words Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, Intraoperative leak test, Stapler line leak. The routine use of an IOLT did not reduce the incidence of postoperative leak. IOLT should not be routinely performed, rather it would be appropriate for selected patients. Key Words Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, Intraoperative leak test, Stapler line leak.This study was carried out to determine the risk of new ischemic events, demonstrated by diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) in patients undergoing diagnostic conventional cerebral angiogram. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Current Contents, Cochrane Central, Expert Files, and bibliographies of included articles were systematically searched to identify prospective studies that reported MRI findings after diagnostic angiogram. Eligibility criteria included the following elements manuscripts published between 1999 and 2019; prospective design; only diagnostic angiogram imaging performed prior to the MRI; DW-MRI done before and after the angiogram procedure; and number of new diffusion weighted lesions documented after each procedure. Six studies met the eligibility criteria. The total number of diagnostic angiograms reported was 430. DWI lesions were associated with diagnostic angiograms in 106 (24.65%) of total procedures. Mean time fluoroscopy, procedure by resident operator, and vascular risk factors were the recognised independent risk factors for silent cerebral ischemia after diagnostic angiogram. Key Words Stroke, Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging, Cerebral infarction, Angiography, Brain ischemia. To evaluate the efficacy and reliability of Guy's (GSS), S.T.O.N.E., and CROES scoring systems developed to predict percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) outcomes in aged patients. StudyDesign Descriptive study. Department of Urology, Ministry of Health University Izmir Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital and Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Amasya University, Turkey, from April 2011 to January 2020. Patients aged 65 years and over, who underwent PCNL for kidney stones, were retrospectively analysed. The patients' clinical and perioperative characteristics and the radiological features of the stones were obtained from the prospectively recorded data. GSS, S.T.O.N.E. and CROES nephrolithometry scores were calculated for each patient and their relation with stone-free status, complications, and perioperative findings were analysed. A total of 147 patients were included in the study. Stone-free status was achieved in 76.0% of the patients, and complications developed in 27.2%. All three scorid S.T.O.N.E. scoring systems were effective and reliable in predicting stone-free status. Key Words Aged, Nephrolithotomy, Percutaneous, Comorbidity, Stone-free status, Treatment outcome, Complications, Scoring systems. To find out the feasibility and safety of early surgery in pediatric patients who presented with appendicular mass. Analytical observational study. Place and Duration of Study Department of Paediatric Surgery, National Institute of Child Health, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, from September 2019 to April 2020. This study was conducted on 60 children, who were diagnosed with appendicular mass. Patients were operated after initial stabilisation and investigations. Variables analysed included demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, intraoperative surgical difficulties and postoperative complications. Data were entered into SPSS version 22. Chi-square test and Fisher Exact test were used for finding statistical significance among variables. A p-value of <0.05 was considered as significant. Results There were 41 (68.4%) male and 19 (31.6%) female patients with the mean age of 8.3 + 2.9 year. Mean duration of pain was 3.8 + 1.8 days. In 41 (68.4%) patients, mass was composed of appendix with adherent ileal loops and omentum, while in 19 (31.