Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is a process that examines the potential impacts of development projects on society and the environment. The concept of EIA originated in 1969 by the US National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), followed by other developed and developing countries all over the globe. This paper reviews the legal status of EIA and its implementation, effectiveness, and deficiencies in Pakistan. EIA received legal status in Pakistan when the Environmental Protection Ordinance (PEPO) was drafted in 1983. This ordinance was then converted into the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act (PEPA) in 1997. Currently, EIA is conducted for many development projects in Pakistan, including infrastructure and industry projects. Environmental protection acts containing sections related to EIA and Initial Environmental Examinations (IEE; a small preliminary study for an EIA project) have been established by all Pakistani provinces, which conduct its systematic facilitation in the country. The effectiveness of the EIA/IEE process in Pakistan can be enhanced by ensuring stakeholder participation, guaranteeing transparency, providing resources to environmental agencies, and post-monitoring of EIA/IEE processes. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;001-5. © 2021 SETAC. There is limited information about the incidence of metabolic acidosis (MA) after renal transplantation. This single centre prospective study aimed to delineate the incidence and risk factors of MA in the first 6months after renal transplantation (RTX). Patients who underwent RTX between November 2018 and July 2020 were monitored with weekly measurement of serum bicarbonate level for 6months and those who were diagnosed with MA were evaluated further to characterize the type of MA. One hundred and twenty-five patients were included in the study, 89 (71.2%) of whom developed MA. Seventy-two patients developed MA in the first month, 11 during the 2-3months and 6 between 4 and 6months after transplantation. Of the 89 patients, 55(61.8%) had type 1 renal tubular acidosis (T1RTA), 27 (30.3%) had type 2 RTA (T2RTA) and 7 (7.9%) type 4 RTA (T4RTA). Two patient who had T1RTA, subsequently developed high anion gap MA following severe graft rejection. On stepwise multivariate regression analysis, serum creatinine at time of diagnosis of MA [OR (95% CI) 12.02 (1.79 to 80.59), p=.01] and high tacrolimus C0 levels [OR (95% CI) 2.43 (1.0 to 5.90), p=.049], were independent risk factors for MA. There is a high incidence of MA in the initial 6months post-transplant with serum creatinine and high tacrolimus C0 levels being independent risk factors. There is a high incidence of MA in the initial 6 months post-transplant with serum creatinine and high tacrolimus C0 levels being independent risk factors. Children and youth with cancer may find it challenging to integrate illness into their pre-existing identity-a phenomenon known as illness identity. In this critical narrative review, we explored illness identity among children and youth with cancer. Three academic databases were searched. Twenty-two articles were included in this review and each underwent thematic analysis. Cancer has both positive and negative influences on the identities of children and youth. Illness identity is expressed creatively through various communicative outlets. Further, external processes such as social support may influence cancer identity. A few studies cited cancer as a hindrance to adult identity development. Cancer has a profound impact on identity formation among children and youth. Many normative assumptions about time, identity, and child and youth development underlie the existing literature. Future researchers may adopt a critical lens to be inclusive of diverse identity experiences among children and youth with cancer. Cancer has a profound impact on identity formation among children and youth. Many normative assumptions about time, identity, and child and youth development underlie the existing literature. Future researchers may adopt a critical lens to be inclusive of diverse identity experiences among children and youth with cancer.In-silico investigations are becoming an integral part of the development of novel biomedical devices, including dental implants. Using computer simulations can streamline the process by tuning different geometrical and structural features, emphasizing the osseointegration of the implant design a priori, leading to the optimal designs in preparation for in-vivo trails. This research aims to elucidate the interrelationship between 12 geometrical variables that holistically define the shape of the implant. The approach to achieve optimality hinged on coupling the finite element analysis results with the fractional factorial design method. The latter was used to determine the most influential variables during the screening process, followed by the parameter optimization process using the response surface method, regarding four different objectives, namely bone-implant contact area, volume of trabecular bone dead cells, volume of cortical bone dead cells, and axial displacement. This resulted in reducing the number of virtual experiments and substantially decreasing the computational cost without compromising the accuracy of the solution. It was found that the optimized values improved the performance significantly. The validity of all models was verified by comparing optimized responses with simulation results. A sensitivity analysis was performed on all five optimized models to address the effect of friction coefficient on the implant-bone joint interaction. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/tno155.html It was shown that the mechanical behavior of implant-bone would be independent in higher friction coefficients. The significance of this study is demonstrated in determining the most effective and optimized values of all possible geometrical parameters considering their singular or interactive effects. Digitaria insularis is a weed species that has gained considerable importance in Brazil's soybean production areas that rely on glyphosate-resistant cultivars. Herbicide-resistant weed populations of this species have been reported in many regions in Brazil, first in the south, followed by later reports in the north. We hypothesized that the spread of herbicide-resistant D. insularis is facilitated by movement of agricultural machinery from the southern regions of Brazil. Population genomics revealed a weak or no genetic structure (F =[0; 0.16]), moderate expected heterozygosity (H =0.15; 0.44) and low inbreeding (F =[-0.1; 0.1]) in D. insularis populations. Our data supported the hypothesis that herbicide resistance gene flow predominantly occurred in a south-to-north direction based on a migration analysis. We also found evidence of local adaptation of resistant populations in the northern soybean-growing regions of Brazil. Evidence in our work suggests that gene flow of glyphosate-resistant D. insularis is associated with movement of agricultural machinery, although local selection pressure seems to play an important role in the evolution of herbicide resistance throughout the country.