Infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) leads to immune dysfunction with increased risk of developing varied infections including opportunistic infections. It may be that a change in the microbial community of HIV patients could be contributory to their development of rhinosinusitis. However, the normal sinonasal microbiome in HIV is yet to be thoroughly studied. To determine the bacteria in the middle meatus of HIV infected adults without features of rhinosinusitis. Middle meatal swab specimens were collected under endoscopic guidance from 141 HIV infected patients with no sign and symptoms of rhinosinusitis. Specimen were sent for microscopy and culture. 141 HIV negative individuals were used as controls. Fourty eight point nine (48.9%) of swab specimen had bacteria isolated in the patients. Thirty-nine (56.5%) specimen yielded aerobes consisting of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcocus aureus and Streptococcus; while thirty (43.5%) specimen yielded anaerobes consisting of Bacteroid HIV negative control however there were greater number of isolates in the subjects. To determine the types of blepharoptosis and demographics of patients referred to the ophthalmology clinic of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, thereby providing data on the common types of blepharoptosis within an indigenous Nigerian population. A hospital-based retrospective chart review of all patients who presented with blepharoptosis from March 2015 to June 2019. Data on age, gender, affected eye, severity and aetiology of blepharoptosis was obtained. A total of 70 patients met the inclusion criteria for this study. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/reversan.html There were 31 males, with a male to female ratio of 11.25. The mean age at presentation was 27.5±24.1 years (age range 3 months to 87 years). Fifty-seven (81.4%) patients had unilateral ptosis with left eye involvement in 32 (45.7%). Congenital ptosis was seen in 15 (21.4%) of the cases while acquired ptosis was seen in 55 (78.6%). Neurogenic ptosis had the highest frequency among the mechanistic types of ptosis in 23 (32.9%) patients followed by mechanical 18 (25.7%), myogenic 16 (22.9%) and aponeurotic 13(18.5%). Aponeurotic ptosis occurred more in those older than 50years of age. The association between gender and type of ptosis was not statistically significant. Patients with neurogenic ptosis had more of severe ptosis. In this study, acquired ptosis was commoner than congenital ptosis. Neurogenic ptosis was the most predominant mechanistic type and tended to be more severe while aponeurotic ptosis was more in those above 50 years of age. In this study, acquired ptosis was commoner than congenital ptosis. Neurogenic ptosis was the most predominant mechanistic type and tended to be more severe while aponeurotic ptosis was more in those above 50 years of age. Medicinal plants are used in many rural communities in Abuja for the management of Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) without any scientific evidence to validate the effectiveness of such phytomedicines. The aim of this study is to investigate the anti-sickling efficacy of some medicinal plants used by rural communities in Gwagwalada, Abuja, for management of SCD. Phytochemical screening and mineral analysis were carried out. Anti-sickling activity of the extracts was evaluated by monitoring (within 150 minutes) the percentage reduction in sickle red cells, after incubating different doses of the methanolic extracts with sickled red blood cells induced with 2% sodium metabisulphite. Parahydoxybenzoic acid (PHBA) and normal saline was used as positive and negative control respectively. Phytochemical screening of the methanolic extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, phenols and terpenoids. Significant anti-sickling activity was observed in two, out of the four plant extracts tested. Pavetta crassipes and Ziziphus mauritiana at the high dose of 0.5mg/ml caused a significant reduction in percentage of sickle red cells from 44.0% to 15.3% (PC) and 44.9% to 20.5% (ZM) respectively at 150 minutes. This is comparable to the control sample (PHBA) where sickle red cells reduced from 43.9% to 14.6 % at 150 minutes. The results of this study showed that methanolic extract of P. crassipes and Z. mauritiana possess anti-sickling activity. This provides a scientific basis for their use as antisickling phytomedicine and makes further research into their mechanism of action necessary. The results of this study showed that methanolic extract of P. crassipes and Z. mauritiana possess anti-sickling activity. This provides a scientific basis for their use as antisickling phytomedicine and makes further research into their mechanism of action necessary. Despite the high global burden of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), doctors' knowledge of OSA was reported to be generally poor. Data on knowledge, attitude and practice of doctors regarding OSA are scarce in Africa. The only Nigerian study providing data on this included few participants and did not assess practice. We assessed the knowledge, attitude and practice of doctors regarding OSA in southern Nigeria with the aim of finding gaps in knowledge and practice. We sent out online survey monkey self-administered structured questionnaires to the WhatsApp numbers or e-mails of 1917 eligible medical doctors. The questionnaires were used to collect data on demography of the medical doctors, their professional history and knowledge of OSA symptoms; general facts, risks factors, and treatment regarding OSA; and their attitude and practice in relation to OSA. Data from five hundred and eighty one respondents (mean age, 39.8 ± 8.7) were analyzed. Overall mean knowledge score was 25.3±6.3 (68.6±17.2 percent). The mean knowledge score of Internists, Family Physicians, General practitioners and Surgeons were 28.2±5.0; 25.0±6.9; and 24.5±5.8 and 24.2±6.7 respectively. Only 47% and 51% of the respondents respectively affirmed that hypertension and diabetes mellitus were associated with increased risk of OSA; and 7.2% referred suspected OSA patients for polysomnography. The level of knowledge of OSA among participating doctors was poor. Most of them had the right attitude to OSA but their practice and care of OSA patients was suboptimal. We suggest improvement in care through education and provision of diagnostic and treatment facilities. The level of knowledge of OSA among participating doctors was poor. Most of them had the right attitude to OSA but their practice and care of OSA patients was suboptimal. We suggest improvement in care through education and provision of diagnostic and treatment facilities.