graphy when using an electronic device is not possible. A paternalistic approach to treatment planning is common, but there is a growing interest in involving clients in the planning of their own treatment, both in medical care and psychotherapy. Several studies on matching patients to treatment have failed to improve outcome. Studies on Shared Decision-Making in mental health are encouraging but somewhat ambiguous in addiction treatment. This study investigated whether self-matching (Informed Choice) to treatment improves alcohol consumption, retention, and quality of life. 402 consecutive clients (female 46.7 %, mean age 47.4) seeking treatment for alcohol use disorder at the outpatient clinic in Odense, Denmark were enrolled in this single-blinded randomized controlled trial. Clients randomized to the intervention group watched an 8-minute video presentation of the treatments and then chose the treatment they preferred. Clients in the treatment as usual (TAU) group were allocated to treatment by an evidence-based algorithm. Measurements on alcohol consumption, quality of life, and retention in care were completed at baseline and 6-month follow-up. There was no significant difference on primary and secondary outcome measures between the Informed Choice group and TAU group at 6-month follow-up. 80 % of clients in the Informed Choice group were satisfied with being randomized to self-matching whereas 24 % in the TAU group were satisfied with being assigned by expert matching. Our hypothesis, that outcome is improved if clients choose their own treatment, was not supported. However, an important finding is that client self-matching is just as beneficial as expert matching. Our hypothesis, that outcome is improved if clients choose their own treatment, was not supported. However, an important finding is that client self-matching is just as beneficial as expert matching. Long-term prescription opioid use has been associated with adverse health outcomes, including opioid use disorder (OUD). We examined a population of opioid naïve individuals who initiated prescription opioids for non-cancer pain and investigated the associations between opioid prescription characteristics at initiation and time to treated OUD. We conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study in Ontario, Canada among opioid naïve individuals aged 15 years and older dispensed an opioid for non-cancer pain between 2013 and 2016. We used the Narcotic Monitoring System to abstract opioid dispensing data. A multivariable Cox regression model was used to examine the association between average daily dose and time to treated OUD. We identified 1,607,659 opioid-naïve individuals who initiated a prescription opioid within the study period. The incidence of treated OUD within the study period was 86 cases per 100,000 person-years. Compared to an average daily dose of <20 morphine milligrams equivalent (MME), higher average daily doses at initiation were associated with greater hazard of treated OUD, 20-50 MME (HR 1.11, 95% CI 1.02, 1.21), >50-90 MME (HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.16, 1.44), >90-150 MME (HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.06, 1.56), >150-200 MME (HR 2.49, 95% CI 1.54, 4.03) and >200 MME (HR 4.15, 95% CI 2.89, 5.97). https://www.selleckchem.com/products/cariprazine-rgh-188.html Long-acting formulations and days' supply ≥11 days were also associated with greater hazard of treated OUD. Prescription opioid characteristics at initiation are associated with risk of treated OUD, identifying potentially important and modifiable risk factors among people initiating opioids for non-cancer pain. Prescription opioid characteristics at initiation are associated with risk of treated OUD, identifying potentially important and modifiable risk factors among people initiating opioids for non-cancer pain. Integrated interventions for comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) are effective, but many patients prematurely drop out from treatment. Little is known about within-treatment risk factors for dropout, limiting the ability during therapy to identify patients at risk for attrition. We examined measures assessing PTSD (PTSD Checklist for DSM-5; PCL-5), alcohol use (Substance Use Inventory; SUI), and patient satisfaction (Client Satisfaction Questionnaire; CSQ-8) as potential within-treatment markers of dropout risk, administered to 110 veterans in a randomized clinical trial of integrated exposure therapy versus integrated coping skills therapy for comorbid PTSD + AUD. Hierarchical Cox proportional hazard models with dropout status as the endpoint assessed effects of PCL-5, SUI, and CSQ-8 on dropout risk, and whether effects differed by treatment modality. A significant interaction between treatment and changes in alcohol use was observed (HR = 2.86, p =  .007), where between-session alcohol use was positively associated with dropout hazard rate for those receiving integrated exposure therapy (HR = 2.34, p =  .004), but not coping skills therapy (HR = 0.73, p =  .19). Specifically, an increase of one drink consumed per day in the interval since last assessment (typically 2-3 weeks) was associated with a 5-fold increase in dropout hazard rate. The findings provide preliminary evidence of detectable within-treatment markers of dropout during integrated treatment for PTSD + AUD. Study of within-treatment indicators proximal to dropout may help identify at-risk patients and inform timely strategies to boost retention. The findings provide preliminary evidence of detectable within-treatment markers of dropout during integrated treatment for PTSD + AUD. Study of within-treatment indicators proximal to dropout may help identify at-risk patients and inform timely strategies to boost retention. To advance the development of a neuroscience-informed understanding of alcohol use disorder (AUD) through the Addictions Neuroclinical Assessment (ANA) framework, the present study reports on deep phenotyping of a large sample of problem drinkers. Participants (n = 1679) were primarily heavy drinkers with and without AUD, who completed a phenotypic battery of well-validated scales and behavioral measures of alcohol use and problems, mood, attention, and impulsivity. These scales were subjected to sequential factor analytic work in order to derive a factor solution that explains biobehavioral variation in the sample. To assess the construct validity of the resulting factor solution, scores on each factor were associated with demographic and clinical indicators. Factor analysis techniques using indicators of alcohol use and problems, mood, attention, and impulsivity implicated four functional domains that compliment and extend the proposed ANA domains negative alcohol-related consequences, incentive salience, negative emotionality, and executive function.