Two previous national epidemiological studies, IBERPOC in 1997 and EPISCAN in 2007, determined the COPD burden in Spain. Changes in demographics and exposure to risk factors demand the periodic update of COPD prevalence and its determinants. EPISCAN II aimed to estimate the prevalence of COPD in the general population aged 40 years or older in all 17 regions of Spain. A random population screening sample, requiring 600 participants per region performed a questionnaire plus post-bronchodilator (post-BD) spirometry. A total of 12,825 subjects were initially contacted, and 9433 (73.6%) agreed to participate, of whom 9092 performed a valid spirometry. Baseline characteristics were 52.6% women, mean±SD age 60±11 years, 19.8% current- and 34.2% former-smokers. The prevalence of COPD measured by post-BD fixed ratio FEV /FVC<0.7 was 11.8% (95% C.I. 11.2-12.5) with a high variability by region (2.4-fold). Prevalence was 14.6% (95% C.I. 13.5-15.7) in males and 9.4% (95% C.I. 8.6-10.2) in females; according to the lower limit of normal (LLN) was 6.0% (95% C.I. 5.5-6.5) overall, by sex being 7.1% (95% C.I. 6.4-8.0) in males and 4.9% (95% C.I. 4.3-5.6) in females. Underdiagnosis of COPD was 74.7%. Cases with COPD were a mean of seven years older, more frequently male, of lower attained education, and with more smokers than the non-COPD population (p<0.001). However, the number of cigarettes and pack-years in non-COPD participants was substantial, as it was the reported use of e-cigarettes (7.0% vs. 5.5%) (p=0.045). There were also significant social and clinical differences including living alone, previous respiratory diagnoses, more comorbidities measured with the Charlson index, greater BODE and COTE scores, cognitive impairment, and depression (all p<0.001). COPD remains prevalent in Spain and frequently underdiagnosed. COPD remains prevalent in Spain and frequently underdiagnosed.The new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has created an unprecedented global health problem, resulting in more than 250,000 confirmed deaths. The disease produced by this virus, called Covid-19, presents with variable clinical manifestations, from practically asymptomatic patients with catarrhal processes to severe pneumonias that rapidly evolve to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multiorgan failure. In recent weeks, papers have been published describing coagulation disorders and arterial and venous thrombotic complications in these patients, mainly among those admitted to intensive care units. The infection triggers an immune response, which causes different inflammatory mediators to be released into the blood. These include cytokines, which interact with platelets and different coagulation proteins, and promote thrombogenesis. One of the most widely studied coagulation markers in Covid-19 is D-dimer (DD), raised levels of which have prognostic implications, although the best cut-off point for the diagnosis of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in this population has not been clarified, nor has its usefulness in determining the intensity of thromboprophylaxis required in these patients. Until sufficiently robust information (preferably from well-designed clinical trials) is available, the recommendations of clinical practice guidelines for the prophylaxis, diagnosis and treatment of VTE should be followed in Covid-19 patients.Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is an infrequent cause of acute coronary syndrome, predominantly affecting young women. Catheter-based coronary angiography is the gold standard diagnostic test, especially when coupled with intracoronary imaging. Conservative management in stable patients is the preferred approach given the increased risk of complications associated with percutaneous interventions. Noninvasive coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) has a potential role in the diagnosis and follow-up of SCAD. CTA also plays a role in screening for extracoronary vascular abnormalities frequently associated with SCAD. The goal of this article is to review the potential role of CTA in evaluating SCAD.Cerebral venous thrombosis is a less common but relevant cause of stroke in adults. The clinical manifestations are nonspecific leading frequently diagnostic delays, so imaging findings are is of vital importance. Conventional imaging modalities, namely computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), allow identification of the thrombus and parenchymal involvement due to venous congestion to a variable degree, but this entity may appears as a nonexpected finding in a nonvenographic study. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pf-03084014-pf-3084014.html computed tomography and MRI venographies allow noninvasive confirmation of the diagnosis and adequate characterization of the extent of the thrombus and acute complications, both of them being robust diagnostic techniques. MR venography also can be done without the use of contrast media, which is especially important in certain clinical situations. Cerebral venous thrombosis needs follow-up, and imaging plays a key role in detection of late complications of the disease, including dural arteriovenous fistulas and intracranial hypertension due to veno-occlusive disease. Knowledge of other diseases and conditions that may mimic a thrombus is needed to avoid wrong diagnosis. In this article, we conduct a pictorial comprehensive review of cerebral venous thrombosis, including also the technical aspects of different imaging modalities, diagnosis and acute complications, follow-up, late complications and potential imaging mimics. The aim of this study was to assess the impact on radiology resident education due to the COVID-19 pandemic in order to inform future educational planning. During a 10-week study period from March 16 to May 22, 2020, changes to educational block-weeks (BW) of first through fourth year residents (R1-4) were documented as disrupted in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic. The first 5 weeks and the second 5 weeks were evaluated separately for temporal differences. Overall and mean disrupted BW per resident were documented. Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used to assess pairwise differences between classes with Bonferroni-adjusted P-values, as well as differences in the early versus later phase of the pandemic. Of 373 BW, 56.6% were assigned to virtual curriculum, 39.4% radiology clinical duties, 2.9% illness, and 1.1% reassignment. Scheduling intervention affected 6.2 ± 2.3 (range 1-10) mean BW per resident over the 10-week study period. The R3 class experienced the largest disruption, greater than the R2 classes, and statistically significantly more than the R1 and R4 classes (both P < 0.