To systematically review randomized controlled trials assessing effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) on hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) and cardiac structure/function and explore randomized controlled trial (RCT)-derived evidence for SGLT2i efficacy mechanisms in heart failure (HF). Systematic searches of Medline and Embase were performed. In seven trials [3730-17160 patients; low risk of bias (RoB)], SGLT2is significantly reduced the relative risk of HHF by 27-39% vs. placebo, including in two studies in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction with or without type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Improvements in conventional cardiovascular risk factors, including glycaemic levels, cannot account for these effects. Five trials (56-105 patients; low RoB) assessed the effects of 6-12months of SGLT2i treatment on left ventricular structure/function; four reported significant improvements vs. placebo, and one did not. Five trials (low RoB) assessed SGLT2i treatment effectsdelling likely contributes to this efficacy. Hypothesis-driven mechanistic trials remain sparse, although numerous trials are planned or ongoing. As first-degree relatives (FDRs) of HLA-B27-positive axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) patients have an increased risk of developing axSpA, the objectives were 1) to evaluate presence of highly specific imaging features as well as clinical signs of SpA at baseline and after one year of follow-up, and 2) describe the evolution towards clinical disease within one year of follow-up in a cohort of seemingly healthy FDRs of HLA-B27 positive axSpA patients. The Pre-SpA cohort is a 5-year prospective inception cohort of seemingly healthy FDRs of HLA-B27 positive axSpA patients. Clinical and imaging features were collected and recorded. At baseline 19% of the FDRs reported inflammatory back pain. Thirty-two percent reported current arthralgia, 3% arthritis (ever), 5% enthesitis (ever) and 1% dactylitis (ever). Three percent had an extra-articular manifestation. CRP was elevated in 16%, ESR in 7%. On MRI-SIJ, 10% had a SPARCC score ≥2, 4% ≥5, and 4% deep lesions. One percent fulfilled the mNY criteria for radiographic sacroiliitis. Clinical, MRI and acute phase findings were equally distributed between HLA-B27 positive and negative FDRs. After 1 year of follow-up, clinical parameters did not change on the group level but 6% of the FDRs were clinically diagnosed with axSpA, of whom 86% were HLA-B27 positive. Features associated with spondyloarthritis or imaging abnormalities were found in up to 32% of seemingly healthy FDRs, with an equal distribution between HLA-B27 positive and negative FDRs. Progression to clinical axSpA within 1 year of follow-up was mainly observed in HLA-B27 positive FDRs. Features associated with spondyloarthritis or imaging abnormalities were found in up to 32% of seemingly healthy FDRs, with an equal distribution between HLA-B27 positive and negative FDRs. Progression to clinical axSpA within 1 year of follow-up was mainly observed in HLA-B27 positive FDRs.This study explores a binary solvent system composed of biobased Cyrene and its derivative Cygnet 0.0 for application in membrane technology and in biocatalytic synthesis of polyesters. Cygnet-Cyrene blends could represent viable replacements for toxic polar aprotic solvents. The use of a 50 wt % Cygnet-Cyrene mixture makes a practical difference in the production of flat sheet membranes by nonsolvent-induced phase separation. New polymeric membranes from cellulose acetate, polysulfone, and polyimide are manufactured by using Cyrene, Cygnet 0.0, and their blend. The resultant membranes have different morphology when the solvent/mixture and temperature of the casting solution change. Moreover, Cyrene, Cygnet 0.0, and Cygnet-Cyrene are also explored for substituting diphenyl ether for the biocatalytic synthesis of polyesters. The results indicate that Cygnet 0.0 is a very promising candidate for the enzymatic synthesis of high molecular weight polyesters. To assess the use, satisfaction, needs and preferences regarding physical therapy (PT) in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). Four-hundred-and-five SSc patients, treated in the Leiden University Medical Center multidisciplinary care program and fulfilling ACR/EULAR-2013 SSc-criteria, received a questionnaire containing 37 questions on use and satisfaction regarding PT over a 2-year period, and their needs and preferences for future PT. Two-hundred-and-four SSc patients (median age 63years, 81% female) completed the questionnaire. One-hundred-twenty-eight (63%) patients had used or were using PT in primary care setting. For 39% of patients not using PT, lack of referral or lack of knowledge was the reason for not using it. The most frequently reported active treatments were muscle-strengthening (n=92;72%), range of motion (n=77;60%) and aerobic exercises (n=72;56%). Specific SSc hand and mouth-opening exercises were reported by 20 (15%) and 7 (6%) patients, respectively. Manual treatment (massage or passive mobilization) was reported by 83 (65%) patients. Mean satisfaction score (range0-10) was 8.2 (SD1.6). Regarding patients' needs, 96 (47%) of the total group wanted to receive more information concerning PT and 128 (63%) to continue/(re)start PT in the near future, with 56/128 (44%) favoring individual treatment on a continuous basis. We observed a significant variation in the use and content of PT for SSc patients in primary care setting. Our results suggest potential under-use of PT care, in particular for hand and oral dysfunction, and underpin the need for initiatives to improve the quality and accessibility of PT care for SSc patients. We observed a significant variation in the use and content of PT for SSc patients in primary care setting. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pfk158.html Our results suggest potential under-use of PT care, in particular for hand and oral dysfunction, and underpin the need for initiatives to improve the quality and accessibility of PT care for SSc patients.Due to dissimilarities in genetics and metabolism, current animal models cannot accurately depict human neurological diseases. To develop patient-specific in vitro neural models, a functional material-based technology that offers multi-potent stimuli for enhanced neural tissue development is devised. An electrospun piezoelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) nanofibrous scaffold is systematically optimized to maximize its piezoelectric properties while accommodating the cellular behaviors of neural stem cells. Hydro-acoustic actuation is elegantly utilized to remotely activate the piezoelectric effect of P(VDF-TrFE) scaffolds in a physiologically-safe manner for the generation of cell-relevant electric potentials. This mechano-electrical stimulation, which arose from the deflection of the scaffold and its consequent generation of electric charges on the scaffold surface under hydro-acoustic actuation, induces the multi-phenotypic differentiation of neural stem cells simultaneously toward neuronal, oligodendrocytic, and astrocytic phenotypes.