5 ppm) with the resumption of traffic. Finally, the investigation of the shape of the frequency distribution of the analyzed variables revealed interesting aspects concerning the dynamics of the systems.Nitrogen nutrient surplus is the main cause of a series of environmental problems in the Yangtze Estuary and its adjacent East China Sea (ECS). Denitrification plays an important role in controlling nitrate dynamics and fate in estuarine and coastal environments. We investigated the natural and potential rates of denitrification in the sediments of the Yangtze Estuary and ECS via slurry incubation experiments combined with acetylene inhibition techniques to reveal its contributions to total nitrogen reduction in this hypereutrophic continental shelf area. Key environmental factors, such as the sediment grain size, sediment extractable inorganic nitrogen (NH4+, NO3- and NO2-), sediment organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), isotopic compositions (δ13C and δ15N), etc., were also investigated to determine the main factors controlling the denitrification processes. The measured rates of denitrification ranged from 0.39 to 28.49 ng N g-1·h-1. The total nitrogen removed by denitrification in the study area was 3.7 × 1010 g during August. In total, at least 3.3% of the external inorganic nitrogen transported annually into the estuary could be removed by the denitrification processes in the study area. The sediment denitrification rates correlated significantly with the extractable ammonium and δ15N values of surface sediments, indicating that coupled nitrification-denitrification processes may play an important role in nitrogen removal. Almost undetectable levels of nitrate in the sediment further revealed that nitrate supply, regardless of diffusion from the overlying water or production by sediment nitrification processes, is the bottleneck for denitrification.Understanding the migration of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) in soil is of great significance for evaluating the potential risks of ENPs to ecosystem. So far, their migration under freeze-thaw cycles (FTCs) has not been investigated. This study explored the impacts of FTCs on the migration of three commonly used ENPs, copper oxide (CuO-NPs), cerium oxide (CeO2-NPs), and zinc oxide (ZnO-NPs), in three types of soil. After 32 FTC cycles, the highest migration rate of ENPs was found in black soil due to its higher clay particle content. CeO2-NPs with low surface charge exhibited the highest mobility among three ENPs, which migrated to 9-11 cm layer with the concentration of 42.1 mg/kg in the black soil column. ZnO-NPs were less influenced by FTCs as they were adsorbed onto sand grains due to electrostatic interaction, which migrated to 3-5 cm layer with the concentration of 25.2 mg/kg in the black soil. Higher moisture contents (50% and 100%) resulted in increased migration depth of the ENPs in all soils. Lower freezing temperature (-25 °C) caused fragmentation of large soil particles and produced more clay colloids. FTCs promoted the movement of moisture, which penetrated the soil and thus facilitated the movement of ENPs by increasing the contents and movement of clay colloids. This work reveals the migration behavior of ENPs in soils in freeze-thaw period and provides insights into the fate and environmental risk of nanomaterial at middle and high latitudes.Microplastics have been reported in environmental media for decades, but gaps in our knowledge about them still remain. We investigated the third biggest freshwater lake in China - Taihu Lake - and the 30 major rivers around it. Microplastics were detected in lake water and sediment, and in river water, at abundances varying from 1.7 to 8.5 items/L, 460 to 1380 items/kg and 1.8 to 18.2 items/L, respectively. Inflow rivers were more polluted with microplastics than outflow rivers. The most common shape was fragment. Microplastic sizes of less then 100 μm dominated in inflow rivers, 100-200 μm dominated in lake water and outflow rivers. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ins018-055-ism001-055.html The average size of microplastics in outflow rivers (200.4 μm) was larger than that in inflow rivers (166.2 μm). Microplastics of less then 100 μm only accounted for 28% in the lake surface water but were as high as 70% in the sediment, indicating that smaller microplastics may more easily settle in the lake. The main components of the microplastics were identified as being polyvinyl chloride and polyethylene. There were about 1.2E06 items/s microplastics entered Taihu Lake. Four main rivers located at northwestern lake accounted for 79% of the total inflow microplastic fluxes.The formulation of management plans as required by EU environmental policies such as the Floods Directive may facilitate the uptake of nature-based solutions (NBS) into practice. Previous research has indicated that the uptake of NBS in water management plans is still low and hindered by various elements of the existing water governance system. However, research so far neglected the role of water managers as "plan-makers" of solution strategies and programs of measures, as well as their beliefs in choosing certain measures in the plan-making process. The aim of this study is to shed more light on the plan-makers' reasoning for integrating, or not integrating, NBS into specific flood risk management plans (FRMPs). We conducted ten qualitative interviews with plan-makers from Germany and adopted a grounded theory approach to identify their beliefs that underlie the process of formulating FRMPs as well as their perceived role in this process. The analysis reveals a dominance of shared substantive and relational beliefs that are obstructive to a greater uptake of NBS in FRMPs. In particular, identified beliefs about NBS often do not align with their self-perception of their role in being the "plan-makers". We present a differentiated portrait of water managers as key actors in the decision-making on FRMPs, illustrating that while water managers are belonging to the same distinct professional group with a similar social role in the decision-making process, they do not necessarily share the same preferences.Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) have been demonstrated to limit terrestrial carbon (C) storage in terrestrial ecosystems. However, the reliable indicator to infer N and P limitation are still lacking, especially in subtropical forests. Here we used a terrestrial ecosystem (TECO) model framework in combination with a Bayesian approach to evaluate effects of nutrient limitation from added N/P processes and data sets on C storage capacities in two subtropical forests (Tiantong and Qianyanzhou [QYZ]). Three of the six simulation experiments were developed with assimilating data (TECO C model with C data [C-C], TECO C-N coupling model with C and N data [CN-CN], and TECO C-N-P model with C, N, and P data [CNP-CNP]), and the other three ones were simulated without assimilating data (C-only, CN-only, and CNP-only). We found that P dominantly constrained C storage capacities in Tiantong (42%) whereas N limitation decreased C storage projections in QYZ (44%). Our analysis indicated that the stoichiometry of wood biomass and soil microbe (e.